Reflectivity change

Concentrated sulphuric acid and nitric acid—powerful oxidising agents—attack all the elements except nitrogen, particularly when the acids are warm. The products obtained reflect changes in stability of the oxidation states V and III of the Group V elements. 

Another advantage of PC technology is the plaimed and partially realized use of multiftmction drives for operation of either CD-ROM, WORM, or PC-R disks alternatively in the same disk drive. This is technically feasible, since for reading (in CD-ROM, WORM, PC-R) as well as for writing (WORM, PC-R) similar principles and hardware are used (108). However, the reflectivity change of PC disks (40/70%) is in general lower than the CD-ROM standard (30/70%) requires. 

Control of an evaporator requires more than proper instrumentation. Operator logs snould reflect changes in basic characteristics, as by use of pseuao heat-transfer coefficients, which can detect obstructions to heat flow, hence to capacity. These are merely the ratio of any convenient measure of heat flow to the temperature drop across each effect. Dilution by wash and seal water should be monitored since it absorbs evaporative capacity. Detailed tests, routine measurements, and operating problems are covered more fuUy in Testing Procedure for Evaporators (loc. cit.) and by Standiford [Chem. Eng. Prog., 58(11), 80 (1962)]. 

Calcium carbonate makes up the largest amount of deposit in many cooling water systems (Fig. 4.16) and can be easily detected by effervescence when exposed to acid. Deposits are usually heavily stratified, reflecting changes in water chemistry, heat transfer, and flow. Corrosion may be slight beneath heavy accumulations of fairly pure calcium carbonate, as such layers can inhibit some forms of corrosion. When nearly pure, calcium carbonate is white. However, calcium carbonates are often intermixed with silt, metal oxides, and precipitates, leading to severe underdeposit attack. 

Price Indexing Some gas prices, by contractual agreement, reflect changes in the spot, futures or other markets, such as heating oil. Price indexing is often used to reflect that the parties to the contract believe the price to be paid is related in some way to the particular index used. 

Preparation of the operating manual and procedures to reflect changes associated with the revamp... 

A linear expansion of this equation for a small-amplitude potential modulation, SU, leads to the microwave reflectivity change... 

FIGURE 27.26 Cyclic voltammogram obtained on An electrode in O.IM NaCI04 (a) and reflectivity change-potential curves for O.IM NaC104 (b), O.IM LiCI04 (c), O.IM NaNOj (d), and 0.1 M NaOH (e). Scan rate 0.1 V/s. (From Aral et al., 1997, with permission from... 

The question was, did these variations reflect changes in the marine uranium isotopic composition or represent the effects of diagenesis ... 

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