Brewster-angle microscopy

Brewster angle microscopy takes advantage of the reflectivity behavior of light at an interface. This method relies on the fact that light passing from a material of lower refractive index, no into a medium of higher index i will have... 

R. C. Ahuja, P. L. Caruso, D. Honig, J. Maack, D. Mobius, and G. A. Overbeck, Morphology of Organized Monolayers by Brewster Angle Microscopy, in Microchemistry, H. Masuhara, ed., Elsevier, 1994. 

Castillo R, Ramos S and Ruiz-Garcia J 1996 Direct observation of Langmuir films of Cgg and C- g using Brewster angle microscopy J. Phys. Chem. 100 15 235-41... 

It was estabhshed ia 1945 that monolayers of saturated fatty acids have quite compHcated phase diagrams (13). However, the observation of the different phases has become possible only much more recendy owiag to improvements ia experimental optical techniques such as duorescence, polarized duorescence, and Brewster angle microscopies, and x-ray methods usiag synchrotron radiation, etc. Thus, it has become well accepted that Hpid monolayer stmctures are not merely soHd, Hquid expanded, Hquid condensed, etc, but that a faidy large number of phases and mesophases exist, as a variety of phase transitions between them (14,15). 

Lipp, M.M., Lee, K.Y.C., Waring, A., and Zasadzinski, J.A. Fluorescence, polarized fluorescence, and Brewster angle microscopy of palmitic acid and lung surfactant protein B monolayers. Biophys. J. 1997, 72, 2783-2804. 

Brewster-angle microscopy dispensed with the need for a probe molecule [41,42], Brewster-angle microscopy is based solely on the reflectivity properties of p-polarized light. The reflectance of p-polarized light at the water-air interface vanishes at 53.1° (using refractive indices at 20°C) if the interface is perfectly sharp in reality there is a deep minimum near zero. The presence of a monolayer gives an intervening layer of different re-... 

FIG. 6 (a) Brewster-angle microscopy (BAM) image of a monolayer of pentadecanoic acid at... 

III. SUPRAMOLECULAR LAYER CHARACTERIZATION A. Brewster-Angle Microscopy... 

FIG. 7 Brewster-angle microscopy Image of POAS monolayer at air/water interface at pH 1 and various pressures. 

Stine KJ et al (2006) Interaction of the glycoalkaloid tomatine with DMPC and sterol mono-layers studied by surface pressure measurements and brewster angle microscopy. J Physical Chem B 110 22220... 

Murray, B.S., Xu, R., Dickinson, E. (2009). Brewster angle microscopy of adsorbed protein films at air-water interfaces after compression, expansion and heat processing. Langmuir, 23, 1190-1197. 

Rodriguez Patino, J.M., Sanchez, C.C., Rodriguez Nino, M.R. (1999a). Is Brewster angle microscopy a useful technique to distinguish between isotropic domains in p-casein-monoolein mixed monolayers at the air-water interface Langmuir, 15, 4777 4788. 

Repeating these transfer cycles, multilayers can be formed on the substrate. The layers are called LB films. To investigate the structure of LB films the same techniques as above are usually applied, namely fluorescence microscopy, Brewster angle microscopy, and X-ray re-flectometry. 

G. Garofalakis and B. S. Murray, Surface pressure isotherms, dilatational rheology, and brewster angle microscopy of insoluble monolayers of sugar monoesters, Langmuir, 18 (2002) 4765-4774. 

Early studies by surface-pressure-area (7r - A) isotherms provided indirect evidence for the spontaneous resolution of some racemates at the air/water interface [91,92]. These studies were followed by monolayer imaging using epifluorescence [93-95] and Brewster angle microscopy [96-100]. 

Honig, D. Mobius, D. Reflectometry at the Brewster angle and Brewster angle microscopy at the air-water interface. Thin Solid Filins 1992, 210/211, 64. 

Overbeek, G.A. Honig, D. Wolthaus, L. Gnabe, M. Mobius, D. Observation of bond orientational order in floating and transferred monolayers with Brewster angle microscopy. Thin Solid Films 1994, 242, 26. 

Overbeck, G. A. Honig, D. Mobius, D. Visualization of first and second order phase transitions m eicosanol monolayers using Brewster angle microscopy. Langmuir 1993, 9, 555. 

Munoz, M., Deschenaux, R., and Coleman, A. W. (1999), Observation of microscopic patterning at the air/water interface by mixtures of amphiphilic cyclodextrins—A comparison isotherm and Brewster angle microscopy study, /. Phys. Org. Chem., 12, 364-369. 

Methodologies to assess interface properties of amphiphiles are surface tension measurements (Phan et al. 2006 Golding and Sein 2004 Miller et al. 2004), ellip-sometry (Dickinson 2003a Murray 2002) and Brewster angle microscopy (Grigoriev et al. 2006 Rodrguez Patino et al. 2001). Both and P NMR have been applied in order to study the conformation and dynamics of P-casein at the oil-water interface of emulsions (ter Beek et al. 1996). Their NMR results showed that the protein at the interface has mobile regions with httle secondary structure in which the motions are rather slow. 

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