Ginsengs

Panax ginseng extract Pancake batters PAN copolymers Pancreas... 

Ginsenan S-IIA, a polysaccharide fraction from the roots of P. ginseng is a potent inducer of IL-8 production by human monocytes and THP-1 cells, and this induction is accompanied by increased IL-8 mRNA expression. The polysaccharide appears from the structural feature to be a mixture of arabino-galactan type I and type II, based on the presence of 1,3-, 1,6-, 1,3,6-, 1,4-, and 1,4,6-galactose units as well as terminal arabinose and 1,5-, 1,3,5-, and 1,2,5-linked units. It also contains 1,4,6-linked glucose units that together with the 1,2,5-linked arabinose units are different from the units found in other ginseng polysaccharides and may thus be of importance for the activity [64]. 

Already in 1988 and 1991, Gao et al. [65,66] detected four different polysaccharides present in the leaves of Panax ginseng that had an effect on the complement system, but only two of them, the neutral, GL-NIa, and one of the acidic ones, GL-AIa, had potent activities at low concentrations. GL-NIa was found to be mainly an arabinigalactan type II polymer. GL-AIa was a polysaccharide with a rhamnogalacturonan core with neutral side chains of the AG-II type, confirmed by a strong reaction with the Yariv reagent and the methylation results. It was shown that the crude polysaccharide fraction contained KDO and DHA, suggesting the presence of Rhamnogalacturonan II in... 

Fig. 9 Rhamnogalacturonan II from the leaves of Panax ginseng as proposed by the group of Yamada [3]...

Panax ginseng X Intestinal immune system modulating activity [67-69]... 

Panax ginseng X Macrophage Fc receptor expression enhancer, lL-6 production enhancer, nerve growth factor secretion enhancer [3, 67-69]... 

Plant cell suspensions offer the potential to produce valuable phytochemicals, traditionally extracted from the naturally grown whole plant, under controlled and reproducible conditions. To date, commercial processes involving these systems have been limited to just a handful of applications, including the much-cited shikonin [1] and ginseng [2,3]. 

Structural characterization of a novel rhamnogalactm onan II with macrophage Fc receptor expression enhancing activity from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer... 

Crude polysaccharide fraction (GL-2) was prepared from the leaves of P. ginseng by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and dialysis, and GL-2 was fractionated by Cetavlon precipitation and weakly acidic polysaccharide fraction (GL-4) was obtained[3]. GL-4IIb2 was purified from GL-4 by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B as described previousely [3]. In order to remove the color-materials, GL-4IIb2 was further purified by Q-Sepharose (C1 form), and the major fraction, eluted with 0.3 M NaCl, was repurifled by gel filtration on Bio-gel P-30 column to obtain purified active polysaccharide, GL-4IIb2. ... 

Figure 3. The proposed partial structure of GL-4-IIb2 from the leaves of P. ginseng C.A. Meyer.

Shark cartilage 3 tablets by mouth daily Enteric-coated aspirin 81 mg by mouth daily Ginseng 2 tablets by mouth daily... 

St. John s wort Echinacea Ginseng Aloe vera... 

Clinicians should ask patients if they take any herbs and supplements, as they may not volunteer this information. The most common herbs and supplements that patients ask about are vitamins, melatonin, valerian, and coenzyme Q10. There is very little support for using creatinine, gingko, ginseng, green tea, ginger, yohimbine, and St lohn s wort in patients with PD. Patients should be cautioned that supplements and herbs are not well controlled by the FDA and may not contain the amounts indicated on the label. Melatonin and valerian may improve insomnia, but they are not commonly used because there is insufficient information in PD patients.39... 

Herbals Ma huang, St. )ohn s wort, ginseng, guarana, belladonna... 

Complementary and alternative medicine therapies, such as acupuncture, biofeedback, chiropractic manipulation, dietary supplements, herbal therapy, and homeopathic preparations, are used by individuals with allergic rhinitis.29,30 Use of bromelain, gingko, ginseng, licorice, quercetin, and Urtica dioica has been reported, but large-scale studies documenting efficacy are lacking.31,32 Caregivers should inquire routinely about patients use of alternative therapies and counsel patients about the lack of validated data to support such practices.12... 

Synergy of unwanted pharmacological effect ginseng and its products will inhibit the central nervous system (CNS) when they are applied with luminal, chloral hydrate, or ephedrine, which can increase the release of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin in the CNS thus inducing a hypertensive crisis if monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are given simultaneously. 

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