American ginseng Panax

FIGURE 1.9 Ginseng roots from 6-year-old American ginseng plants (Panax quinquefo-lium) grown in Denmark with root hairs, lateral roots, and main roots. Ginseng roots within the same species may not only differ in content of ginsenosides but also in root size. 

Christensen, L. P., Jensen, M., and Kidmose, U. (2006). Simultaneous determination of ginsenosides and polyacetylenes in American ginseng root (Panax quinquefolium L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54, 8995-9003. 

Proctor JTA, Bailey WG (1987) Ginseng, industry botany and culture. Hort Rev 9 187 Wills RBH et al (2002) Changes in ginsenosides in AustraUan-grown American ginseng plants Panax quinquefolium L.). Aust J Exp Ag 42 1119... 

Ginseng Panax species Asian ginseng, Korean ginseng, American ginseng)... 

Kiefer D and Pantuso T (2003) Panax ginseng. American Family Physician 68(8) 1539-1542. 

One pharmacological study found that American ginseng (Panax quinquefottus) modestly decreased the effect of warfarin, whereas another study found that Panaxginseng did not alter the effect of warfarin. Two case reports describe decreased warfarin effects, one with thrombosis, attributed to the use of ginseng (probably Panax ginseng). 

Synonyms American ginseng extract Ginseng extract Ginseng root extract Oriental ginseng extract Panax ginseng Panax ginseng extract Panax quinquefolium extract... 

Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo YYY, Francis T, Beljan-Zdravkovic U, Xu Z and Yidgen E (2000). American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160, 1009-1013. 

Another popular herbal dietary supplement that has a long history of use for medicinal purposes is ginseng. Much like Echinacea, three primary species of ginseng exist for therapeutic consumption Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng), Panax notoginseng and Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng). These herbal varieties can be readily authenticated... 

Wang, M. et al., Immunomodulating activity of CVT-E002, a proprietary extract from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), J Pharm Pharmacol, 53, 1515, 2001. 

TABLE 1.2 The content of ginsenosides (mg/kg fresh weight) in different root sections [diameter 0.5-2.5 mm (root hairs) 5.0-10.0 mm (lateral) 15.0-20.0 and >20.0-38.0 mm (main roots)] of fresh roots from 6-year-old Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) plants grown in Denmark (Christensen et ai, 2006)... 

Corbit, R. M., Ferreira, J. F. S., Ebbs, S. D., and Murphy, L. L. (2005). Simplified extraction of ginsenosides from American ginseng (Panax quinquefoUus L.) for high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis. /. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 9867-9873. 

Du, X. W., Wills, R. B. H., and Stuart, D. L. (2004). Changes in neutral and malonyl ginsenosides in American ginseng Panax quinquefolium) during drying, storage and ethanolic extraction. Food Chem. 86,155-159. 

Ludwiczuk, A., Wolski, T., and Berbec, S. (2002). Chromatographic analysis of ginsenosides occurring in the roots of American ginseng (Panax quinqu olium L.) and in Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) preparations. /. Planar Chromatogr. 15,147-150. 

Nakamura, S., Sugimoto, S., Matsuda, H., and Yoshikawa, M. (2007b). Medicinal flowers. XVll. New dammarane-t rpe triterpene glycosides from flower buds of American ginseng, Panax quinqu oUum L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 55,1342-1348. 

Ren, G., and Chen, F. (1999). Simultaneous quantification of ginsenosides in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder by visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. /. Agric. Food Ghent. 47, 2771-2775. 

American ginseng is the species Panax quinquefolius (figures 5.4 and 5.5) (Tyler 1994 Gruenwald et al. 1998). It grows in several parts of the... 

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Reprinted with permission from Hobbs, C. (1996). Ginseng The Energy Herb. Loveland, CO Botanica Press. 

Murphy LL, Cadena RS, Chavez D, Ferraro JS. (1998). Effect of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) on male copulatory behavior in the rat. Physiol Behav. 64(4) 445-50. 

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