Red Ginseng

Yun, Y.S. et al., Effect of red ginseng on natural killer cell activity in mice with lung adenoma induced by urethan and benzo(a)pyrene, Cancer Detect Prev Suppl, 1, 301, 1987. 

Lee, J. W., Takano-lshikawa, Y., Watanabe, J., Kobori, M., Tsushida, T., and Yamaki, K. (2002b). Effect of ginsenosides and red ginseng water extract on tumor necrosis factor-a production by rat peritoneal macrophages. Food Sci. Technol. Res. 8,300-303. 

Matsuda, H., Namba, K., Fukuda, S., Tani, T., and Kubo, M. (1986). Pharmacological study on Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. 111. Effects of red ginseng on experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation. 2. Effects of ginsenosideson blood coagulative and fibrinolytic systems. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 34,1153-1157. 

Choi HK, and Seong DH. (1995). Effectiveness for erectile dysfunction after the administration of Korean red ginseng. Korean J Ginseng Sci. 19 17-21. 

Choi YD, Xin ZC, Choi HK. (1998). Effect of Korean red ginseng on the rabbit corpus cavernosal smooth muscle. Int J Impot Res. 10(1) 37-43. 

I. Kitagawa et al. On the constituents of Ginseng radix rubra comparision of the constituents of white ginseng and red ginseng prepared from the same Panax ginseng root, Yakugaku Zasshi., 107, 495, 1987. 

Kaneko H, Nakanishi K. Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng basic and clinical trials clinical effects of medical ginseng, Korean red ginseng specifically, its anti-stress action for prevention of disease. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 95 158-162. 

Based on these experimental results, we suggest that adenosine and pyroglutamic acid of Red Ginseng, and eucryphin, bergenin and astilbin of A. thunbergii rhizomes, should be considered more selective modulators for discriminating between negative and positive metabolic pathways than p-blockers. 

Ginsenoside Rgi had no effect on arachidonate metabolism, but it did reduce the elevation of cytosolic free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i shown in the second phase (Ca2+ influx) induced by adrenaline and thrombin "Fig. (37)". The results suggest that ginsenoside Rgl in red ginseng roots may be effective as a drug for the treatment of arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. 

Wei J. Studies on the constituents of Korean red ginseng — the isolation and identification of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone [in Chinesel. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 1982 17 549—550. 

Red ginseng powder may be useful in hyperlipidemia it was shown to decrease triglycerides as well as increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in a pilot study (50). A previous rat study lends validity to ginseng s ability to decrease triglyceride levels (16), but a study in patients with diabetes showed no effect on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, or triglyceride levels (18). 

Han KH, Choe SC, Kim HS, et al. Effect of red ginseng on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and white coat hypertension. Am J Chin Med 1998 26 199-209. 

Ding DZ, Shen TK, Cui YZ. [Effects of red ginseng on the congestive heart failure and its mechanism]. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1995 15 325-327. 

Choi HK, Seong DH, Rha KH. Clinical efficacy of Korean red ginseng for erectile dysfunction. Int J ImpotRes 1995 7 181-186. 

Toda S, Kimura M, Ohnishi M. Induction of neutrophil accumulation by red ginseng. J Ethnopharmacol 1990 30 315-318. 

Xiaoguang C, Hongyan L, Xiaohong L, et al. Cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic activities of red ginseng. J Ethnopharmacol 1998 60 71-78. 

Kim, H.J., Chun, Y.J., Park, J.D., Kim, S.I., Roh, J.K. and Jeong, T.C. (1997) Protection of rat liver microsomes against carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation by red ginseng saponin through cytochrome P450 inhibition. Planta Medica. 63, 415. 

---