Ginsenosides preparation from ginseng

FIGURE 1.1 Ginsenosides isolated from fresh and/or processed ginseng material (roots, leaves, fruits, flower buds), including medicinal preparations based on plant material from ginseng species. Ara(p) = a-L-arabinopyranosyl Ara(f) = a-L-arabinofuranosyl Glc = p-D-glucopyranosyl Rha = a-L-rhamnopyranosyl Xyl = / -D-xylopyranosyl Ac = acetyl. 

Many t)q)es of extraction procedures have been employed for the extraction of ginsenosides from fresh or dry ginseng plant material as well as from ginseng preparations. Characteristic for most of the extraction methods is the use of methanol or ethanol or different aqueous mixtures of these two solvents, which also clearly enhance the extraction performances of these compounds compared with pure methanol or ethanol at room temperature (Anderson and Burney, 1998 Christensen et ah, 2006 Euzzati, 2004 Lou et ah, 2006a). In order to enhance the recovery of... 

Soldati, F., and Sticher, O. (1980). HPLC separation and quantitative determination of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium and from ginseng drug preparations. Planta Med. 38, 348-357. 

Comparative measurements have also been made on a phytopharmaceutical product. In the investigation of ginseng roots and of the medicaments prepared from this, the ginsenoside Rgi was determined by both 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional development. The results were presented in a poster in Vienna in September 1998 [124b]. 

Soldati, F., and O. Sticher HPLC Separation and Quantitative Determination of Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng and from Ginseng Drug Preparations, 2nd Communication. Planta Medica 39, 348 (1980). 

Corthout, J., Naessens, T., Apers, S., and Vlietinck, S. (1999). Quantitative determination of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng roots and ginseng preparations by thin layer chromatography-densitometry. /. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 21,187-192. 

Cui, J.-F., Garle, M., Bjorkhem, 1., and Eneroth, P. (1996). Determination of aglycones of ginsenosides in ginseng preparations sold in Sweeden and in urine samples from Swedish athletes consuming ginseng. Scand. ]. Clin. Lab. Invest. 56,151-160. 

Ginseng may be derived from any of several species of the genus Panax. Of these, crude preparations or extracts of Panax ginseng, the Chinese or Korean variety, and P quinquefolium, the American variety, are most often available to consumers in the United States. The active principles appear to be the triterpenoid saponin glycosides called ginsenosides or panaxosides, of which there are approximately 30 different types. It is recommended that commercial P ginseng formulations be standardized to contain 4-7% ginsenosides. 

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