MRNA expression

Ginsenan S-IIA, a polysaccharide fraction from the roots of P. ginseng is a potent inducer of IL-8 production by human monocytes and THP-1 cells, and this induction is accompanied by increased IL-8 mRNA expression. The polysaccharide appears from the structural feature to be a mixture of arabino-galactan type I and type II, based on the presence of 1,3-, 1,6-, 1,3,6-, 1,4-, and 1,4,6-galactose units as well as terminal arabinose and 1,5-, 1,3,5-, and 1,2,5-linked units. It also contains 1,4,6-linked glucose units that together with the 1,2,5-linked arabinose units are different from the units found in other ginseng polysaccharides and may thus be of importance for the activity [64]. 

Perera KM, Jenner FA Some characteristics distinguishing high and low dose users of benzodiazepines. Br J Addict 82 1329-1334, 1987 Perez MF, Salmiron R, Ramirez OA NMDA-NRl and -NR2B subunits mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats tolerant to diazepam. Behav Brain Res 144 119-124, 2003... 

P.G. Schultz, and D. E. Wemmer Genomic effects of polyamide/DNA interactions on mRNA expression. Chem. Biol. 2002, 9, 821-827. 

Varney VA. Hamid QA. Gaga M. Ying S. Jacobson M, Frew AJ. Kay AB. Durham SR Influence of grass pollen immunotherapy on cellular infiltration and cytokine mRNA expression during allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous responses. J Clin Invest 1993 92 644-651. 

The ultimate goal of microarray-based expression analysis is to acquire a comprehension of the entire cellular process, in order to exploit and to standardize the multidi-menisional relations between genotype and phenotype. However, an increasingly important parameter, which has not yet been substantially taken into account, is the role of cellular translation. This means that mRNA expression data need to be correlated with the assortment of proteins actually present in the cell. One approach is based on the use of microarrays containing double-stranded DNA probes for the analysis of DNA-protein interaction and, thus, the detection and identification of DNA-binding proteins by means of fluorescence [130] or mass spectrometry analysis [131]. Moreover, substantial efforts are currently under way to develop protein, antibody, or even cell arrays, applicable to the cor-... 

Other HIV proteins include regulator of viral expression (Rev), negative effectors (Nef), viral protein R (Vpr), viral protein U (Vpu), viral infectivity factor (Vif) and transactivator protein (Tat). These proteins are instrumental in viral mRNA expression, viral replication and transactivation, viral release and maturation, viral infection, and maintenance of viral transcript activation and expression, respectively (Tripathi and Agrawal 2007). 

Schaefer U, Schneider A, Rixen D, Neugebauer E (1998) Neutrophil adhesion to histamine stimulated cultured endothelial cells is primarily mediated via activation of phospholipase C and nitric oxide synthase isozymes. Inflamm Res 47(6) 256-264 Schaefer U, Schmitz V, Schneider A, Neugebauer E (1999) Histamine induced homologous and heterologous regulation of histamine receptor subtype mRNA expression in cultured endothelial ceUs. Shock 12(4) 309-315... 

Kishimoto T, Oguri T, Ueda D, Tada M. 1996. Methylmercury modulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hum Cell 9 371-374. 

Li S, Thompson SA, Woods JS. 1996. Localization of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase mRNA expression in mouse brain following methyhnercury treatment using reverse transcription in situ PCR amplification. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 140 180-187. 

Guo J., Zhou A. and Moss R. (1997). Urine and urine-derived compounds induce c-fos mRNA expression in accessory olfactory bulb. Neuroreport 8, 1679-1683. 

Breen, E., etal. (1997). Circulating CD8 T cells show increased interferon-y mRNA expression in HIV Infection. Cell. Immunol. 178,91-98. 

Singh AK. 1993. Effects of chronic low-level lead exposure on mRNA expression, ADP-ribosylation and photoaffmity labelling with [ -32P]guanine triphosphate -y -azidoanilide of GTP-binding proteins in neurons isolated from the brain of neonatal and adult rats. Biochem Pharmacol 45 1107-1114. 

Chen, JT, YW Cheng, MC Chou et al. 2003. The correlation between aberrant connexin 43 mRNA expression induced by promoter methylation and nodal micrometastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 9 4200-4204. 

Sakamoto K, Liu C., Kasamatsu M. et al. (2005). Dopamine regulates melanopsin mRNA expression in intrinsically photoresponsive retinal ganglion cells. Eur. J. Neurosci. 22, 3129-36. 

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