Alcohols ginseng

Since alcohol has dispersing and fast moving properties, it can increase the effect and speed of the herbs. Medicinal alcohol drink is often used for chronic disorders. Herbs that tonify the body, such as Ren Shen (Ginseng radix) and Gou Qi Zi (Lycii fructus), and herbs that disperse wind, damp and cold to treat Bi syndrome, such as Wu Jia Pi (Acan-thopanacis cortex), are often prepared in this way. Herbal alcohol drink is usually taken once a day in small amounts of 10-20 ml. 

An intramolecular photocyclization catalyzed by copper(I) triflate provided a key step in a total synthesis of the ginseng sesquiterpenes a- and /J-panasinsene, (8) and (9). The unsaturated allylic alcohol (6) is cyclized by irradiation at 254 tun in the presence of CuOTf to a mixture of saturated alcohols, which is oxidized to the ketone 7. The ketone is inert to methylenetriphenylphosphorane, but can be converted into a 2 5 mixture of 8 and 9 by addition of mcthyllithium followed by dehydration.2... 

Warfarin Phenelzine Alcohol Ginseng (Panax spp.) Decreased INR Headache and tremor, mania Increased alcohol clearance Ginseng increases the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase... 

Active constituents found in most ginseng species include ginsenosides, polysaccharides, peptides, polyacetylenic alcohols, and fatty acids. There is a wide variation (2 to 20%) in the ginsenoside content of different species of ginseng. Moreover, pharmacological differences within a single species cultivated in two different locations have been reported. For example, the potency... 

Ginseng. This herb may react with the drug phenelzine, causing headaches, tremors, and manic-like symptoms, according to reports. However, it is possible that the ginseng in these cases may have been contaminated with caffeine. Ginseng also lowers blood concentrations of alcohol and warfarin. 

Antidepressants selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants Antihypertensives felodipine Antibiotics quinolones, isoniazid Bronchodilators albuterol, theophylline Corticosteroids prednisone Dopa agonists levodopa Herbals ma huang, ginseng, ephedra Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen Stimulants amphetamines, methylphenidate, caffeine, cocaine Sympathomimetics pseudoephedrine Thyroid hormones levothyroxine Toxicity anticholinergics, antihistamines, digoxin Withdrawal alcohol, sedatives... 

Fresh herb, freeze-dried or dried herb, and alcoholic extracts are available in the United States in the form of tablets, capsules, lozenges, liquid, tea, and salves. Many products combine echinacea with ginseng, goldenseal, or garlic. 

Alcohol Increased alcohol clearance Ginseng increases the activity of alcohol... 

Ginseng increases the clearance of alcohol and lowers blood-alcohol levels. 

Choi CW, Lee SI, Huh K. Effect of ginseng on the hepatic alcohol metabolizing enz3nne system activity in chronic alcohol-treated mice. Korean JPharmacol (1984) 20, 13-21. 

A study of rac-warfarin (25 mg) and Asian ginseng indicated that 1 week of supplementation with Asian ginseng (0.5 g) did not affect single doses of warfarin (25 mg) (Jiang et al. 2004, 2006). Asian ginseng (46 mg/kg) taken in conjunction with alcohol showed a significant reduction in blood alcohol levels as compared with alcohol alone (Lee et al. 1987). 

Cerebral arteritis was reported in a woman taking an alcoholic extract of ginseng (Ryu and Chien 1995). A transient stroke secondary to a hypertensive crisis was reported in a woman taking Asian ginseng (Martinez-Mir et al. 2004). Hypertension was reported in a man with a family history of hypertension taking "a variety of ginseng products" (species unspecified) (Hammond and Whitworth 1981). 

From the ether-soluble fraction, Takahashi etal. 134, 135) isolated sitosterol-P-D-glucoside, sitosterol, p-elemene (96), eremophilene (97) and a new polyacetylenic alcohol named panaxynol (98), the structure of which was elucidated as heptadeca-l,9(Z)-diene-4,6-diyn-3-ol by degradative and synthetic procedures. It is identical with carotatoxin from carrots 136) and falcarinol from Falcaria vulgaris 137). Recently two other polyacetylenic alcohols, 9,10-epoxy-3-hydroxyheptadeca-l-en-4,6-diyne [(99), panaxydol] 138) and heptadeca-l-en-4,6-diyn-3,9-diol (100) 139) were isolated from Ginseng roots by Wrobel et al. 

Ginsenol (435), which was obtained from the essential oil of Panax ginseng, was incubated with B. cinerea to afford four secondary alcohols (436-439) and two cyclohexanone derivatives (440) from 437 and 441 from 438 or 439. Some of the oxygenated products were considered as potential antifungal agents to control B. cinerea (Aleu et al., 1999b) (Figures 20.124 and 20.125). 

Alcohol 4,6-Heptadecadiyne-3,8,9-triol. Dihydropanaxacol C17H28O3 M 280.406 Isol. from P. ginseng. 

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