Ginseng Ethanol

Crude polysaccharide fraction (GL-2) was prepared from the leaves of P. ginseng by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and dialysis, and GL-2 was fractionated by Cetavlon precipitation and weakly acidic polysaccharide fraction (GL-4) was obtained[3]. GL-4IIb2 was purified from GL-4 by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B as described previousely [3]. In order to remove the color-materials, GL-4IIb2 was further purified by Q-Sepharose (C1 form), and the major fraction, eluted with 0.3 M NaCl, was repurifled by gel filtration on Bio-gel P-30 column to obtain purified active polysaccharide, GL-4IIb2. ... 

Many t)q)es of extraction procedures have been employed for the extraction of ginsenosides from fresh or dry ginseng plant material as well as from ginseng preparations. Characteristic for most of the extraction methods is the use of methanol or ethanol or different aqueous mixtures of these two solvents, which also clearly enhance the extraction performances of these compounds compared with pure methanol or ethanol at room temperature (Anderson and Burney, 1998 Christensen et ah, 2006 Euzzati, 2004 Lou et ah, 2006a). In order to enhance the recovery of... 

Du, X. W., Wills, R. B. H., and Stuart, D. L. (2004). Changes in neutral and malonyl ginsenosides in American ginseng Panax quinquefolium) during drying, storage and ethanolic extraction. Food Chem. 86,155-159. 

Several studies have looked at the effects of combined preparations that include ginseng. A preparation of Biota orientalis, Panax ginseng, and Schisandra chinensis (S-113 m) improved memory retention in a passive-avoidance task with senescence-accelerated mice (Nishiyama et al. 1996). This combination also reduced memory impairments induced by ethanol and scopolamine in the step-down test and electroconvulsive shock-induced memory impairment (Nishiyama et al. 1995). 

Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing the prolactin receptor, was active . Protein synthesis stimulation. Sterol fraction of the extract, in cell culture at a concentration of 25 (xg/mL, produced weak activity on CA-LNCAP. A concentration of 50 (xg/mL was active on CA-PC3 h PSA production inhibition. Ethanol (70%) extract of PC-SPES (a Chinese herb combination of chrysanthemum, dyers woad, licorice, reishi, san-qi ginseng, rabdosia, saw palmetto, and baikal skullcap), in cultured prostate cancer cell line at variable doses for 24 hours, produced a significant effect in supressing cell growth in all the cell lines h... 

That many chemical substances are not soluble in sc carbon dioxide permits selective extraction.100 It is often used with foods, for which it eliminates the possibility of leaving toxic residues of solvents such as methylene chloride. It also avoids the hydrolysis that might occur when esters (for flavors or fragrances) are recovered by steam distillation. It has been used to extract the flavor from hops, the caffeine from coffee, fat and cholesterol from foods,101 pecan oil,102 lavender oil (for which hydrolysis of linalyl acetate could occur in steam distillation), 103 ginseng (from which it does not extract pesticide residues),104 ginger,105 microalgae,106 cooked chicken,107 ethanol from cider,108 and many others. One method used with aromas and con-... 

Ginseng radix is extracted under the same conditions (see above), but with 90% ethanol. 

Drug sample G = Ginseng radix (ethanolic extract, 20 pi)... 

A number of experiments were performed to evaluate in vitro total antioxidant status of fruit juices, wines, olive oils, and various aqueous or organic food extracts [33-39]. For example, the ABTS radical-scavenging capacity of various solvent extracts of ginseng leaves with various concentrations was evaluated [35]. The ABTS radical-scavenging activity of ethanol extracts from ginseng leaves was found to be significantly higher than for their water extracts. 

Figure I. Relaxation effects of ethanol crude extract isolatedfrom Korea red ginseng, total ginsenosides, partially purified fraction 3 (F3), and Rgj on phenylephrine-precontracted rabbit corpus cavemosum strips. Values are means dS.E.M. from 7-9 experiments.

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