Safety data

In this section, a safety dataset, resulting from over 20 years of practical experience with risk analysis of chemical processes, is presented. These data build the base of risk analysis in the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industries, essentially in multi-purpose plants. Therefore, the dataset introduces plant considerations only at its end. This allows exchanging them without any need for recollecting the whole dataset, in cases where the process is transferred from one plant unit to another. Moreover, this dataset may be used in the frame of different risk analysis methods. 

There are many different sources for safety data, such as Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), databases [13, 14], company databases, and reports. Great care is required, when using MSDS, since experience has shown that they are not always reliable. 

The safety data used in risk analysis can be grouped into different categories, described in the following sections. The data should be provided for raw material, intermediates, and products, as well as for reaction mixtures or wastes as they are to be handled in the process. Missing data, important in risk analysis, may be marked with a letter I, to indicate that this information is missing or as a default by a letter C, if its value is unknown but judged to be critical. 

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Great Lakes Chemical Corp., information summarized from Material Safety Data Sheets. 

To an experienced operator trained in the handling of industrial chemicals, the dimers present Httle cause for concern in handling or storage. The finished polymer coating presents even less of a health problem contact with the reactive monomer is unlikely. In the ancillary operations, such as cleaning or adhesion promotion, the operator must observe suitable precautions. Before using the process chemicals, operators must read and understand the current Material Safety Data Sheets, which are available from the manufacturers. 

Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-43, Properties and Essential Information for Safe Handling and Use of Acetaldehyde Manufacturiug Chemists Association, Inc., Washington, D.C., 1952. 

When processed and used according to manufacturer s recommendations, acetal resins present no extraordinary health risks. Before the use of any plastic material, including acetal, the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) appHcable to the grade in question should be consulted. 

Dimethylacetamide, Material Safety Data Sheet, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del., 1988. 

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) issued by suppHers of acetone ate requited to be revised within 90 days to include new permissible exposure limits (PEL). Current OSHA PEL (54) and ACGIH threshold limit values (TLV) (55) ate the same, 750 ppm TWA and 1000 ppm STEL. Eot comparison, the ACGIH TWA values for the common mbbing alcohols are ethyl, 1000, and isopropyl, 400 ppm. A report on human experience (56) concluded that exposure to 1000 ppm for an 8-h day produced no effects other than slight, transient irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. 

C depending on the reference consulted). Fires may be controlled with carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers. Recommended methods of handlings loadings unloadings and storage can be obtained from Material Safety Data Sheets and inquiries directed to suppHers of acetone. 

A.crolein, Material Safety Data Sheet, Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Company Inc., Specialty Chemicals Division, August 15,1989. 

AdMGNIFEOC 90SN Flocculant, Material Safety Data, American Cyanamid Company, Wayne, N.J., 1989. 

Current TLV/TWA values are provided in Matena/Safety Data Sheets provided by manufacturers upon request. Values for 1989 (83,107) appear in Table 5. 

Material Safety Data Sheet ISlumherl386, BP Chemicals Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, 1989. 

R. E. Lenga, The Sigma-Aldrich Eibrary of Chemical Safety Data, Sigma-Aldrich Corp., Milwaukee, Wis., 1985. 

P. Igoe, D. Wilson, and W. Silverman, Material Safety Data Sheet No. 400 in Genum s Reference Collection, Genum Publishing Corp., Schenectady, N.Y., 1989. 

Material Safety Data Sheet C41, Trimethjhlpropane, Elake Celanese Canada Inc., Montreal, 1990. 

Chemical safety data sheets for individual compounds should be consulted for detailed information. Precautions for the higher aldehydes are essentially those for most other reactive organic compounds, and should include adequate ventilation in areas where high exposures are expected fire and explosion precautions and proper instmction of employees in use of respiratory, eye, and skin protection. 

In general, the acute toxicity of halogenated flame retardants is quite low. Tables 11—14 contain acute toxicity information from various manufacturers material safety data sheets (MSDS) for some of the flame retardants and intermediates Hsted in the previous tables. The latest MSDS should always be requested from the suppHer in order to be assured of having up-to-date information about the toxicity of the products as well as recommendations regarding safe handling. 

Material safety data sheets from Ethyl Corp. (EC) and Great Lakes (GL). Product data sheet from Dead Sea Bromine. 

Material safety data sheets from Dover Chemical (D), Occidental Chemical Corp. (OC), and Velsicol Chemical Co. (V). ... 

Product Toxicology. The stmcture—toxicity relationships of organophosphoms compounds have been extensively researched and are relatively well understood (138—140). The phosphoms-based flame retardants as a class exhibit only moderate-to-low toxicity. NIOSH or EPA compilations and manufacturers safety data sheets show the following LD q values for rats, for representative commercial phosphoms flame retardants ... 

Nocolok 100 Flux, Material Safety Data Sheet, Alcan Aluminum Corp., Apr. 1986. 

HydrofiluoricMcid, Mnhydrous, Product Safety Data Sheet, AUied-Signal Inc., Morristown, N.J., 1991. 

Mercury salts are highly toxic and must be handled carefliUy. It is necessary to consult the material safety data sheet prior to handling. Strict adherence to OSHA/EPA regulations is essential. The ACGIH adopted (1991—1992) TLV for mercury as inorganic compounds is TWA 0.1 mg/m and for fluorides as F 2.5 mg/m. ... 

Material Safety Data SheetFluoradBrandFluorochemicalAcidFC-23, Minnesota Mining Manufacturing Co., St. Paul, Minn., July 22, 1992. 

Human and environmental welfare for lubricants and their use is addressed in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). These MSDS address toxicology and health concerns based on the components in the lubricant as well as indicating the proper response in case of a spik. Environmental ha2ards of the lubricant are covered on European and Japanese MSDS as shown in Table 5. 

AH Department of Transportation (DOT), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) rules and regulations should be reviewed prior to handling hydrochloric acid and all the regulations must be followed. AH employees handling HCl must be trained to ensure that they are familiar with the appropriate materials safety data sheets and appHcable regulations. 

Occupational Safety and Health J ct. OSHA regulations deal principally with physical aspects of safety and those things generally associated with accident prevention. These federal regulations deal especially with the need for estabHshed material safety data sheets and the proper labeling of printing inks under the Hazard Communication Laws. 

Material Safety Data Sheet, Keduced Iron, MaUinkrodt Specialty Chemicals Co., Paris, Ky., Jan. 1993. 

Hoechst internal safety data sheet, Frankfurt, Germany, Oct. 1978. 

Product Bulletin, P-492, FMC Lithium Division, Gastonia, N.C. Technical Data Bulletin, 107A, Cypms-Foote Mineral Co., Kings Mountain, N.C. Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-91, MCA, Washington, D.C., 1966. 

The latest government regulations set forth under the Toxic Substances Control Act and in PubHc Health Service pubHcations should be checked before formulating new lubricants. Users of lubricants should request Material Safety Data Sheets for each substance involved plus certification of compliance from vendors. Lubricant compounders should insist on similar information from their suppHers for any additive packages. Manufacturers of both additives and lubricants commonly make toxicity checks on commercial products. 

National Safety Council 444 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Id. 60611 Industrial safety data sheets on materials and materials handling and safe operation of equipment and processes. 

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