Data and Safety Analysis

Subcritical Experiments with Mixed-Oxide Fueisof Plutonium and Uranium in Poisoned Lattices, C. L. Broum, L. C. Davenport, E. D. Clayton (PNL) 

Few data cvirrently exist on the ellectlveness of boron and cadmium for criticality prevention In operations external to reactors that may involve fuel elements under conditions of water Immersion. Material bucklings and extrapolation distances have previously been measured and reported for 25.2 wt% Pu02-U(Nat)0a fuel pins in water. These experimental results have also teen compared with one-dimensional diffusion theory calculations using ENDF/B version n cross-section data. The previous measurements have now been extended to include criticality data On these same fuel pins positioned in lattices with boron- and cadmium-poisoned water. 

The fuel pins used in this experimental series are of a prototype design of driver fuel pins that are to be used in the Fast Flux Test Facility. This work is part of a criticality measurements and calculatlonal program to provide safe limits for the fabrication, storage, sh ment, and reprocessing of FFTF fuels. The results are presented in Table I. 

The composition and dimensions of the fuel pins used in the experiments are as follows  

BROWN and C. A. ROGERS, Critic Approach and Eiqionential E rlments With Prototype FFTF Driver Fuel Pins in Water, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 13, 663 (1970). 

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OECD/ITF. 2012. International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group (IRTAD) 2011 Road Safety Annual Report. Available at http //www.internationaltransportforum. org/irtadpublic/pdf/1 lIrtadReport.pdf. 

Source IRTAD, IRTAD Road Safety 2010 Annual Report, ed. OECD Forum, International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group, Paris, France, 2011. IRTAD s data cover the past 40 years. 

IRTAD. IRTAD annual report 2010. 2010, International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group. 

Inadequate safety data and analysis from the Labour Department often lead to the inability to measure the effectiveness of the safety teams efforts and the lack of focus in safety campaigns (Chan et al. 2004). Some of the construction safety database are therefore established for this reason. For example. The OSHA... 

The quality and mechanical reliability areas have used statistical methodologies to design and implement their successful improvement programs. Using statistically valid data and analysis provides a rational assessment of a system s performance. Applying these techniques to process safety systems will support an efficient and effective improvement effort. Statistically valid data will also avoid overreaction to short-term performance anomalies that may not accurately reflect performance of the process safety system such data will help identify the actual performance improvement opportunities. 

Chapters 8-11 discuss clinical trials that are conducted later during the clinical development program. These chapters address both safety data and efficacy data. Throughout these chapters, each new statistical analysis taught is addressed in the following way ... 

The employment of healthy participants in early clinical studies provides essential information about the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of the new drug. This chapter focuses on the research questions relevant to early human studies, the designs used to address them, the data and analysis approaches commonly encountered, and the development decisions that are made as a result of these studies. 

An Overview of Safety is a critical analysis of the safety data and an indication of how the safety results support and justify the proposed prescribing information. Topics that should be considered in this analysis of safety include... 

With the appropriate use of tables and figures, the safety profile of a drug candidate is to be described on the basis of analysis of all clinical safety data and is to be outlined in a detailed, clear, and objective manner. 

National Safety Council (NSC) For several decades, the National Safety Council (NSC) has compiled data on accidents, incidents, injuries, illnesses, and deaths. An annual publication provided detailed analysis of the data. For many years the publication title was Accident Facts. More recently, the title is Injury Facts. This publication breaks down data and analysis into three groups occupational, motor vehicle, and home and community. Also the publication now reports information on intentional injuries, such as assaults and self-harm. Data come from a variety of sources. 

Knowledge combines information and experience for the potential benefit of an individual or an organization. In safety, knowledge allows someone to apply the information gained from data and analysis. 

Data and Analysis iFor ISIudear Critlcailty Safety... 

Safety tests and analysis The overall objective of the IFR safety analysis task is to develop understanding of the phenomenology which controls the safety performance of the IFR metallic fuel, to provide the experimental data to validate the unique safety features of the IFR, and to fiilly characterize the safety features associated with the BFR concept. Primary activities were ... 

It is important to note, however, that for several reasons we must exercise extreme caution when interpreting these data. First, these studies are the first to scientifically isolate and assess a main component of the observation process. Therefore, additional data and analysis of this effect are necessary to come to truly reliable conclusions about this component s possible implications for a behavioral safety process. Second, because we isolated the observation process, we are unable to discuss any possible interactions with other components of the behavioral safety process. Further, the observer effect was found to occur in a laboratory setting that lacked many common variables that may affect safety performance, such as social pressures and productivity demands. Therefore, we are unable to confirm that similar observer effect results will occur in a real-world setting. We do suggest that future research endeavors should attempt to replicate a similar study within an organization, and we have been working on such replication studies. 

In Iowa, crash data and analysis are developed and distributed to state and local agencies. Some reports on trends, year-to-year comparisons, and specific categories (e.g., motorcycle, fatal) are developed on a biweekly basis. The Iowa DOT has a close and productive relationship with the Iowa State University, Governor s Traffic Safety Bureau, and enforcement community. The Iowa Traffic Safety Data Service is a product of that partnership and provides users with readily available crash data analysis resources and uses geographic information systems technology. 

Lack of reliable safety data and lack of confidence in safety assessment have been two major problems in safety analysis of various engineering activities. To solve such problems, further development may be required to develop novel and flexible safety assessment techniques for dealing with uncertainty properly and so to use decision making techniques on a rational... 

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