Safety Common Data

As a part of the plant safety framework, common data component is proposed to manage all common data for the plant safety framework and to accumulate the safety-related common data across plant activities. This component is a part of the data warehousing for the plant-wide activities across the plant lifecycle. The object-oriented modeling approach is used to abstract these common elements within the plantwide conceptual model while the physical data are within the data warehouse frame. The safety common data (SCD) component includes (but not limited to) the possible source of data errors, documentation standards (vocabulary), generic cause-consequence for each component type, checklists for operation-type jobs, and standard safety interlock levels. The common data are essential to be organized and formatted in a 

Data Source Possible Error Corrective Actions 

Operator input manual data entry Bad data Key entry error Interactive limit check with alarm 

External data system serial communication link Bad transmission Limit check with alarm Message validity check Limit check with default 

Application software Program error Rigorous testing Limit check with alarm 

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EPA ARIP Responses to questionnaires sent by EPA from facilities that have had significant releases purpose is to learn about causes and consequences of hazardous material incidents 1986-Present Supplements NRC reports for more significant events Additional information on causal factors, consequences, and company safety programs Data are easily analyzed for common causes Includes all states and localities Survey relies on voluntary compliance Not comprehensive limited to select cases Checklist approach limits value of information to understand root cause Not designed to be a lessons-leamed database... 

CEN - European Committee for Standardization Brussels wvwv.cenorm.be EN/ISO 4126- Safety Devices for Protection Against Excessive Pressure Part 1 - Safety Valves Part 2 - Bursting Disc Safety Devices Part 3 - Safety Valves and Bursting Disc Safety Devices in Combination Part 4 - Pilot Operated Safety Valves Part 5 - Controlled Safety Pressure Relief Systems Part 6 - Application, Selection and Installation of Bursting Disc Safety Devices Part 7 - Common Data... 

Common Data Source Approach. Another approach is to use a common source of data for benchmarking a set of chemicals. Examples of potential data sources include Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) from product manufacturers, the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), the International Uniform Chemical Information Database (lUClID), the High Rroduction Volume Information System (HRVIS), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Screening Information Dataset (SIDS), and the Canadian Domestic Substances list... 

Overhage JM, Ryan PB, Reich CG, Hartzema AG, Stang PE. 2012. Validation of a common data model for active safety surveillance research. /. Ant. Med. Inform. Assoc. 19 54-60. 

Safety devices for protection against excessive pressure—part 7 common data (ISO/ DIS 4126-7 2011) German version prEN ISO 4126-7 2011... 

Within a systems hierarchy [Faulkner 2002, Storey 2003], data is exchanged across external interfaces, and across internal interfaces. In such a hierarchy, data may be used within several layers. Each system component may use this common data in a different context and hence re-used data may be also attributed a subtly different meaning for each usage. The layered model [Faulkner 20021 allows the visualisation of the extent of the influence of these data structures, data elements or data items. This visualisation may identify a requirement for validation at an interface to preserve the integrity of one or more safety functions. 

This book has examined the Road Safety Audit process, provided extensive examples of road safety control data, and investigated the type of issues commonly raised by Road Safety Auditors. 

Safety-related data collected during clinical trials can be considered at three levels the extent of exposure common, serious, and other significant adverse events and common laboratory tests. 

Sensors and actuators often handle data for safety-critical applications such as an airbag or a parking brake. They can be located at different physical ECUs so that safety-critical data are communicated over one of the networks. For this reason, the IS026262 standard [2] prescribes to implement measures to detect communication faults such as loss or corruption of messages. The AUTOSAR standard caters for a common set of these fault models by offering a solution called End-to-End (E2E) Protection [3] and is... 

Part 7, Common data, Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin. Until 2012 EN-ISO 4126 Part 1, Safety Valves (Content has been shiftet from Part 1 to Part 7 during a revision in 2012). 

Relatively low safety leadership scores are common for leaders in organizations that have not emphasized safety. These data show that the Exemplar leaders greatest opportunities were across the first six practices. Each leader had his or her own unique LDI pattern of strengths and opportunities. 

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) issued by suppHers of acetone ate requited to be revised within 90 days to include new permissible exposure limits (PEL). Current OSHA PEL (54) and ACGIH threshold limit values (TLV) (55) ate the same, 750 ppm TWA and 1000 ppm STEL. Eot comparison, the ACGIH TWA values for the common mbbing alcohols are ethyl, 1000, and isopropyl, 400 ppm. A report on human experience (56) concluded that exposure to 1000 ppm for an 8-h day produced no effects other than slight, transient irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. 

The assessment of the contribution of a product to the fire severity and the resulting hazard to people and property combines appropriate product flammabihty data, descriptions of the building and occupants, and computer software that includes the dynamics and chemistry of fires. This type of assessment offers benefits not available from stand-alone test methods quantitative appraisal of the incremental impact on fire safety of changes in a product appraisal of the use of a given material in a number of products and appraisal of the differing impacts of a product in different buildings and occupancies. One method, HAZARD I (11), has been used to determine that several commonly used fire-retardant—polymer systems reduced the overall fire hazard compared to similar nonfire retarded formulations (12). 

The latest government regulations set forth under the Toxic Substances Control Act and in PubHc Health Service pubHcations should be checked before formulating new lubricants. Users of lubricants should request Material Safety Data Sheets for each substance involved plus certification of compliance from vendors. Lubricant compounders should insist on similar information from their suppHers for any additive packages. Manufacturers of both additives and lubricants commonly make toxicity checks on commercial products. 

Table 2 Hsts some of the physical, toxicity, flammabiUty, and reactivity properties of common chemicals (10,13,42,45—51). Also given are some of the quantities specified for reporting spills and for compliance with legislated requirements. The OSHA regulations require that material safety data sheets (MSDS) be developed for all process materials, so that the ha2ard data can be communicated to employees (52). Characteristics of toxicity, flammabiUty, chemical iastabiUty, reactivity and reaction energy, operatiag coaditioas, and corrosive properties of constmction materials must all be considered ia analy2iag ha2ard poteatials of chemicals and chemical operations.

Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 contain information concerning the physical properties, solvent characteristics (9—11), economic and production data (12,13), and health and safety characteristics of common industrial solvents (14).

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