Toxicants Material Safety Data Sheets

In general, the acute toxicity of halogenated flame retardants is quite low. Tables 11—14 contain acute toxicity information from various manufacturers material safety data sheets (MSDS) for some of the flame retardants and intermediates Hsted in the previous tables. The latest MSDS should always be requested from the suppHer in order to be assured of having up-to-date information about the toxicity of the products as well as recommendations regarding safe handling. 

Mercury salts are highly toxic and must be handled carefliUy. It is necessary to consult the material safety data sheet prior to handling. Strict adherence to OSHA/EPA regulations is essential. The ACGIH adopted (1991—1992) TLV for mercury as inorganic compounds is TWA 0.1 mg/m and for fluorides as F 2.5 mg/m. ... 

The latest government regulations set forth under the Toxic Substances Control Act and in PubHc Health Service pubHcations should be checked before formulating new lubricants. Users of lubricants should request Material Safety Data Sheets for each substance involved plus certification of compliance from vendors. Lubricant compounders should insist on similar information from their suppHers for any additive packages. Manufacturers of both additives and lubricants commonly make toxicity checks on commercial products. 

Table 2 Hsts some of the physical, toxicity, flammabiUty, and reactivity properties of common chemicals (10,13,42,45—51). Also given are some of the quantities specified for reporting spills and for compliance with legislated requirements. The OSHA regulations require that material safety data sheets (MSDS) be developed for all process materials, so that the ha2ard data can be communicated to employees (52). Characteristics of toxicity, flammabiUty, chemical iastabiUty, reactivity and reaction energy, operatiag coaditioas, and corrosive properties of constmction materials must all be considered ia analy2iag ha2ard poteatials of chemicals and chemical operations.

Rosin has a low order of toxicity foUowing ingestion or skin contact. Rosin and its numerous derivatives have a number of permitted food packaging and other direct and indirect food contact uses throughout the world. Sanctioned uses appHcable in the United States are outlined in U.S. Food and Dmg Administration (U.S. FDA) Regulations (2). Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for specific rosins and thein derivatives should be consulted before thein use. 

Isocyanates. Isocyanates in general are toxic chemicals and require great care in handling. Oral ingestion of substantial quantities of isocyanates can be tolerated by the human body, but acute symptoms may develop from the inhalation of much smaller amounts. The inhalation of isocyanates presents a ha2ard for the people who work with them as weU as the people who Hve in the proximity of an isocyanate plant. Adequate control of exposure is necessary to achieve a safe working environment. The suppHers Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) have to be consulted for the most current information on the safe handling of isocyanates. 

Toxicity Data on Af- Vinyl-2-Pyrrolidinone. Results of a chronic inhalation study in rats warrant a review of industrial hygiene practices to assure that VP vapor concentrations are maintained at a safe level. One of the manufacturers, ISP, recommends that an appropriate workplace exposure limit be set at 0.1 ppm (vapor) (9). Additionally, normal hygienic practices and precautions are recommended, such as prompt removal from skin and avoidance of ingestion. In case of accidental eye contact, immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention. Refer to the manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheets for more detailed information. Table 3 provides some toxicity data. 

Health and Safety Factors. The Material Safety Data Sheets provided by the suppUers should be consulted for each product. In general, products are aqueous emulsions with low levels of toxicity. Products with high solvent content have mostly been eliminated. Personnel handling the chemicals should always avoid contact of the products with skin and eyes, and avoid exposure to vapors if the product contains volatile components. 

Neady every significant class of dyes and pigments has some members that function as sensitizers. Toxicological data are often included in surveys of dyes (84), reviews of toxic substance identification programs (85), and in material safety data sheets provided by manufacturers of dyes. More specific data about toxicological properties of sensitizing dyes are contained in the Engchpedia under the specific dye classes (see Cyanine dyes Polymethine dyes Xanthene dyes). 

Neoprene Type TW was shown to have low oral toxicity in rats. The LD q was found to be in excess of 20,000 mg/kg. Human patch tests with Types GN, W, WRT, and WHV showed no skin reactions (169). The FDA status of Du Pont Neoprene polymers is described (172). Although polychloroprene itself has not been shown to have potential health problems, it should be understood that many mbber chemicals that may be used with CR can be dangerous if not handled properly. This is particularly tme of ethylenethiourea curatives and, perhaps, secondary amine precursors often contained in sulfur modified polychloroprene types. Material safety data sheets should be consulted for specific information on products to be handled. 

Supplier Notification. In 1989 and subsequent years, suppliers of facilities in SIC codes 20-39 are required to develop and distribute a notice if the mixtures or trade name products that they manufacture or process, and subsequently distribute, contain listed toxic chemicals. These notices are distributed to other companies in SIC codes 20-39 or to companies that sell the product to facilities in SIC codes 20-39. tf a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is not required for the mixture or trade name product, the notification must be in written form (i.e., letter or attachment to a MSDS). Otherwise, the notice must be incorporated into or attached to the MSDS for that product. The supplier notification requirement began with the first shipment of a product in 1989 and must accompany the first shipment each year thereafter. In addition, a new or revised notice must be sent if a change occurs in the product which affects the weight percent of a listed chemical or if it is discovered that a previous notice did not property identify the chemicals or the percentage by weight. For more information on supplier notification, see Appendix E. 

There are a variety of chemicals that are toxic and used in the drilling fluid makeup. Chromates and asbestos were once commonly used and are now off the market. A mud inventory should be kept for all drilling additives. Included in the inventory are the material safety data sheets (MSDS) that describe each material s pertinent characteristics. The chemicals found on the MSDS sheet should be compared with the priority pollutants and any material should be eliminated if a match is found. The chemicals should also be checked on arrival for breakage and returned to the vendor if defective packaging is found. All mud additives should be housed in a dry area and properly cared for to prevent waste. Chemicals should always be mixed in packaged proportions. Wasted chemicals, ejected to the reserve pit by untrained personnel, can present future liabilities to the operator. 

Of these sources, Kirk-Othmer s Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology is particularly recommended for questions on chemistry and on end uses. For information on properties and on toxicity and handling hazards, Patty s Industrial Hygiene, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and the Aldrich catalog are very nseful. Questions on industrial chemistry should be directed to Ullman s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, and the texts by Chenier, Heaton, and White. Hawley s Condensed Chemical Dictionary is valuable as a source for dehnitions of the terms (language) of chemistry. 

Although there is much controversy over using animals in tests such as these, the information is an essential part of the legal testing required when new chemicals are introduced onto the market in significant quantities. These and other toxicity test results are used to help develop Material Safety Data Sheets, establish Occupational Exposure Limits and guidelines for use of appropriate safety equipment. 

OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances 29 CFR 1910.1200 section g. Material Safety Data Sheets. 

H. Safety considerations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), US Department of Labor, standard entitled Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (29 CFR 1910.1450) makes it necessary to address safety issues in the SOP. The standard requires laboratories that use hazardous chemicals to maintain employee exposures at or below the permissible exposure limits specified for these chemicals in 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z. Hazards associated with any specific chemicals used in a method must be addressed so that the user has the information needed to follow the Chemical Hygiene Plan for their laboratory. The method developer should limit the use of hazardous chemicals where feasible. The use of toxic and/or carcinogenic reagents should be avoided or eliminated as much as possible. Additionally, the cost of disposal is increasing and could impact the practicality of a method. Material Safety Data Sheets for the analyte(s) and any unusual or hazardous reagents should be provided for the user. 

A practical problem faced by tanneries is that many chemical products are proprietary products. Many suppliers do not specify the chemical composition of the products, so tanneries may have to seek additional information from the chemical suppliers in order to determine the environmental impact of the products they use. Sometimes it is also difficult for tanneries to receive accurate information also from the suppliers of the chemicals. Material safety data sheets generally provide some data on the toxicity of the products to humans and environment, and many tanneries use these as the sole source of information to determine the environmental impact of a certain substance. It can be expected in the EU in the future that tanneries will receive more detailed information about the substances used because of the REACH legislation. 

One of the most important references used during an industrial hygiene study involving toxic chemicals is the material safety data sheet (MSDS). A sample MSDS is shown in Fig-... 

Caution Common organic extracting solvents are both volatile and flammable. Ignition can be caused by hot surfaces without the need of sparks or flames. Some solvents (particularly diethyl ether) can also form peroxides that are explosive when concentrated, especially when heating is involved. Some solvents may also be toxic, carcinogenic, and/or teratogenic. Always consult the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) before using any solvent. 

The toxicity of all the chemicals you will be working with must be known. Consult the instructor, material safety data sheets (MSDSs), safety charts, and container labels for safety information about specific chemicals. Recently, many common organic chemicals, such as benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform, have been deemed unsafe. 

Hazardous Chemicals (Material Safety Data Sheet Chemicals) Inventory Reporting Toxic Chemical Release Reporting Expansion of TRI List... 

The list is far from eomplete or eomprehensive. In most instances, the data on toxieity ean be obtained by loeating an appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet for the eompound. A quiek web search can identify the toxic levels for most eompounds. The site must be evaluated with respect to the levels of compounds, their toxicity and the likelihood of deliberate or accidental contact between workers on the site and the chemicals. A suitable level of protective clothing must be selected for all workers. 

Synonyms were retrieved from several references, primarily from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS, 1985), The Merck Index (Budavari et al., 2001), and Material Safety Data Sheets. 

Texaco Chemical Company Material Safety Data Sheet. FYI-OTS-06845-0402 FLWP Seq I. Washington, DC, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, 1985... 

The toxicity of the Inipol EAP-22 microemulsion is controversial. The vendor claims that the microemulsion has no toxicity for flora and fauna. The material safety data sheet (MSDS) for Inipol EAP-22 indicate that 2-butoxyethanol is the most toxic compound in the fertilizer. The compound is an eye, skin, and respiratory irritant that can be absorbed through the skin. 

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