Multiple Sclerosis

The class III cytokine receptor family includes two TNE receptors, the low affinity NGE receptor and 7-ceU surface recognition sites that appear to play a role in proliferation, apoptosis, and immunodeficiency. TNE-a (- 17, 000 protein) is produced by astrocytes and microglia and can induce fever, induce slow-wave sleep, reduce feeding, stimulate prostaglandin synthesis, stimulate corticotrophin-releasing factor and prolactin secretion, and reduce thyroid hormone secretion. TNE-a stimulates IL-1 release, is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes, and reduces myelination this has been impHcated in multiple sclerosis and encephalomyelitis. Astrocyte TNE-a receptors mediate effects on IL-6 expression and augment astrocytic expression of MHC in response to other stimulants such as lEN-y. 

The immune system can malfunction either by attacking itself or the body (which happens in auto-immune diseases such as multiple sclerosis) or by being weakened itself in some way (such as what occurs as a result of the AIDS virus). 

Calpain Tissue specific calpains have been implicated in diabetes, cataracts, multiple sclerosis, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A. More than 50 inhibitors of calpain have described which have a potential for therapeutic applications. 

Multiple sclerosis The 150-kDa calpain specific degradation product of a-spectrin increases 50% in human MS plaques.44 Degradation of the 68-kDa neurofilament protein is inhibited by a synthetic calpain inhibitor45... 

Chemokines have been shown to be associated with a number of autoinflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, dermatitis, and organ transplant rejection. Evidence, reviewed below, is mounting that chemokines may play a major role in the pathophysiology of these diseases and thus chemokine receptor antagonists could prove to be useful therapeutics in treating these and other proinflammatory diseases. 

Interferon beta-la (AVONEX , Rebif ), interferon beta-lb (Betaferon ), and interferon beta (Fiblaferon ) are applied in multiple sclerosis to reduce both frequency and severity of disease incidents and for the treatment of severe viral infections. In multiple sclerosis, DFN- 3 proteins modulate the destruction of myelin in the cause of the autoimmune reaction. 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) 4. In rats with EAE, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, AEA and 2-AG levels are decreased in the striatum and midbrain. This might be associated with motor impairment 4. Inhibitors of degradation (both FAAH and cellular re-uptake)... 

Currently, baclofen is the only clinically used GAB Ab receptor agonist. It is used as a muscle relaxant for treatment of spasticity in spinal injury and multiple sclerosis. The cloning of GABAb receptors has renewed the interest in the search for more selective diugs and novel therapeutic indications. 

This experimental drug is a derivative of myriocin. After phosphorylation FTY720 modulates chemotactic responses and lymphocyte trafficking, leading to reversible lymphocyte sequestration in secondary lymphoid tissues. It is in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. 

Multidmg Resistance Multidrug Resistance Gene Multiple Sclerosis... 

Corticotropin is used for diagnostic testing of adrenocortical function. This drug may also be used for the management of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, nonsuppurative thyroiditis, and hypercalcemia associated with cancer. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drug when conventional glucocorticoid therapy lias not been effective (see Display 50-1). 

MS morphine sulfate multiple sclerosis mitral ROM range of motion... 

American co net lower, black susans) angustifolia shortens symptoms and duration of upper respiratory Infections (URIs) including colds mild gastrointestinal (Gl) upsets individuals with autoimmune diseases such as tuberculosis, collagenosis, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and HIV infection. 

Selmaj, K., Brosnan, C.F., Raine, C.S. (1991). Colocalization of lymphocytes bearing gamma delta T-cell receptor and heat shock protein hsp65 oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 6452-6456. 

Use antineoplastic, immunosuppressive, multiple sclerosis therapeutic, antiangiogenic, disease modifying drug, systemic lupus erythematosus therapeutic... 

Phospholipids Sphingolipids Are Involved in Multiple Sclerosis and Lipidoses... 

In multiple sclerosis, which is a demyelinating disease, there is loss of both phospholipids (particularly ethanolamine plasmalogen) and of sphingolipids from white matter. Thus, the lipid composition of white matter resembles that of gray matter. The cerebrospinal fluid shows raised phospholipid levels. 

Phospholipids and sphingolipids are involved in several disease processes, including respiratory distress syndrome (lack of lung surfactant), multiple sclerosis... 

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