Multiple sclerosis viral models

Strong mechanistic evidence from rodent models of autoimmune disease of viral or other infectious agents affecting autoimmunity or progression to overt disease, but harder to demonstrate in humans. Enterovirus (Coxsackie virus) focus of epidemiologic studies in type 1 diabetes, Epstein-Barr virus focus of epidemiologic studies in multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. 

Mestre L, Correa F, Arevalo-Martin A, Molina-Holgado E, Valenti M, Ortar G, Di Marzo V, Guaza C (2005) Pharmacological modulation of the endocannabinoid system in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. J Neurochem 92 1327-1339... 

Croxford JL, Miller SD (2003) Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using thesynthetic cannabinoid R-i-WIN55,212. J Clin Invest 111 1231-1240... 

Rodriguez, M., K.D. Pavelko, C.W. McKinney, and J.L. Leibowitz (1994). Recombinant human IL-6 suppresses demyelination in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 153(8) 3811-3821. 

Liu, M. T., Keirstead, H. S., and Lane, T. E. (2001b). Neutralization of the chemokine CXCLIO reduces inflammatory cell invasion and demyelination and improves neurological function in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. J. Immunol. 167, 4091 097. 

Proof-of-principle studies using protein antagonists such as met-CCL5 have shown that inhibition of chemokine receptors improves outcome in animal models of atherosclerosis, graft rejection, and viral infection (Bonville et al, 2004 Veillard et al, 2004 Yun et al, 2004). Blockade of ehemokine funetion has also been explored as a strategy to treat inflammatory diseases like asthma, arthritis, and multiple sclerosis in animal models of disease. The... 

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