Multiple sclerosis microglia

Key Words Chemokine receptors CNS multiple sclerosis microglia NK cells EAE fractalkine neuroinflammation. 

The class III cytokine receptor family includes two TNE receptors, the low affinity NGE receptor and 7-ceU surface recognition sites that appear to play a role in proliferation, apoptosis, and immunodeficiency. TNE-a (- 17, 000 protein) is produced by astrocytes and microglia and can induce fever, induce slow-wave sleep, reduce feeding, stimulate prostaglandin synthesis, stimulate corticotrophin-releasing factor and prolactin secretion, and reduce thyroid hormone secretion. TNE-a stimulates IL-1 release, is cytotoxic to oligodendrocytes, and reduces myelination this has been impHcated in multiple sclerosis and encephalomyelitis. Astrocyte TNE-a receptors mediate effects on IL-6 expression and augment astrocytic expression of MHC in response to other stimulants such as lEN-y. 

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Peterson JW, Bo L, Mork S, et al. VCAM-l-positive microglia target oligodendrocytes at the border of multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2002 61 539-546. 

Cai son Ml (2002) Microglia as liaisons between the immune and cenUal neiwous systems Functional implications for multiple sclerosis. Glia 40 218—231. 

The role of ac tivated microglia in neuronal survival during inflammatory conditions has been extensively studied in the models of experimental allergic/autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in the animal model of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (Antel and Owens, 1999 Becher etal., 2000 Biemacki etal., 2005 Jack et al., 2005). A rapid recruitment of blood-borne monocytes, an... 

Siiram S, Rodriguez M (1997) Indictment of tire microglia as the villain in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 48 464-470. 

Butovsky O, Landa G, Kunis G, Ziv Y, Avidan H, Greenberg N, Schwartz A, Smirnov L Pollack A, Jung S, Schwartz M (2006b) Induction and blockage of ohgodendrogenesis by differently activated microglia in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Ctin Invest 116 905-915. 

Minagar A, Shapshak P, Fujimura R, Ownby R, Heyes M, Eisdor-fer C (2002) The role of macrophage/microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of three neurologic disorders HIV-associated dementia, Alzheimer disease, and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 202 13-23. Review. 

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