Magnetic resonance imaging multiple sclerosis

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Filippi M, Cercignani M, Inglese M, Horsfield MA, Comi G (2001) Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 56 304—311. 

Simone IL, TortoreUa C, Federico F, Liguori M, Lucivero V, Giannini P, Carrara D, BeUacosa A Livrea P (2001) Axonal damage in multiple sclerosis plaques A combined magnetic resonance imaging and 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Neurol Sci 182 143-150. 

In multiple sclerosis, neutralizing antibodies to recombinant interferon beta occurred in 12-38% of patients treated for 2-3 years (3-5,70). There were no adverse consequences in patients who developed antibodies to interferon beta-la (4), but there was reduced therapeutic efficacy in terms of clinical relapse rate or magnetic resonance imaging in several patients who had neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta-lb (SEDA-20, 332) (5,71). 

Magnetic resonance image (T1 weighted) of brain from a patient with multiple sclerosis. The image obtained is a horizontal section at the level of the head of the caudate nucleus showing characteristic marked increase of signal as indicated by arrows. (Courtesy of Robert M. DiMauro and John M. Hardman.)... 

Miller DH. Magnetic resonance imaging in monitoring the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1994 36 S91-S94. 

McFarland H, Frank JA, Albert PS, et al. Using gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging lesions to monitor disease activity in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 1992 32 758-766. 

Larsson, H.B., Stubgaard, M., Frederiksen, J.L., Jensen, M., Henriksen, O., and Paulson, O.B., Quantitation of blood-brain barrier defect by magnetic resonance imaging and gadolinium-DTPA in patients with multiple sclerosis and brain tumors, Magn. Reson. Med., 16(1), 117, 1990. 

McFarland, H.F., The lesion in multiple sclerosis Clinical, pathological, and magnetic resonance imaging considerations, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 64, Suppl 1, S26, 1998. 

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