Multiple sclerosis primary-progressive

Stuve, O., Kita, M., Pelletier, D. et al. Mitoxantrone as a potential therapy for primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 10(Suppl 1) S58-S61,2004. 

Leary SM, Thompson AJ (2005) Primary progressive multiple sclerosis Cunent and future treatment options. CNS Drugs 19(5) 369—379. 

Thompsorr AJ, Morrtalbarr X, Barkhof F, Brochet BL, Filippi M, Miller DH, Polmarr CH, Steverrsorr VL, MacDorrald WI (2000) Diagrrostic criteria for primary progressive multiple sclerosis A positiorr paper. Arm Neurol 47(6) 831-835. 

Brack W, Lucchinetti C, Lassmann H (2002) The pathology of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 8 93-7. 

NMR spectroscopy of CSF has been used in a number of studies of multiple sclerosis (MS). In one study a total of 19 patients with multiple sclerosis, 12 patients with degenerative dementia and 17 controls were examined. They showed increased lactate and fructose levels in multiple sclerosis patients but no correlations between NMR spectra and the differentiation of relapsing, remitting and primary, progressive multiple sclerosis. Another study examined 53 cases of multiple sclerosis plus others with a variety of neurological disorders and showed that the observed level of lactate correlated with the... 

The clinical course of multiple sclerosis has been described in four basic patterns relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive, and progressive relapsing. 

E Role in therapy Betaseron is useful for reducing symptomatic exacerbation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with relapsing-remitting disease. The drug should be considered in patients with ch-nically deflnite or laboratory-supported definite disease. It is not indicated in those patients with primary progressive MS. Interferon beta-la (Avonex) has also demonstrated activity in MS patients. 

In contrast to T cells, in different immunopathologies, the brain provides a fostering envkonment to B cells. Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas are usually of B cell origin. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with chronic infections and autoimmune diseases of the CNS typically contains remarkably stable oligoclonal Ig bands. In the CNS of multiple sclerosis patients, clonally expanded B cells and plasma cells persist. Ectopic B cell follicles develop in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive MS, and B cell differentiation may be recapitulated in the CNS of MS patients (Krumbholz et al., 2006) (see Chapters 18-24). 

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