Of T-cell receptors

Fremont, D.H., Rees, W.A., Kozono, H. Biophysical studies of T-cell receptors and their ligands. Curr. Opin. Struct. Immunol. 8 93-100, 1996. 

Bacterial or viral proteins linking T-cell receptors and MHC molecules through simultaneous interaction with the constant domains of all MHC class II molecules and of T-cell receptor (3-chains. Hence, superantigens are polyclonal T-cell activators most likely involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. 

Cooper LJ, Kalos M, Lewinsohn DA, Riddell SR, Greenberg PD (2000) Transfer of specificity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 into primary human T lymphocytes by introduction of T-cell receptor genes. J Virol 74 8207-8212... 

Constant, S., Pfeiffer, C., Woodard, A., Pasqualini, T. and Bottomly, K. (1995) Extent of T cell receptor ligation can determine the functional differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 182,1591-1596. 

Tiwari, S. and Weissman, A. M. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-assodated degradation of T cell receptor subunits. J. Bid. Chem. 2001, 276, 16193-200. 

Thien, C. B. and Iangdon, W. Y. c-Cbl a regulator of T cell receptor-mediated signalling. Immunol Cell Biol... 

SHIP SH2 domain binds to the phosphorylated mM (p-ITIM) of other inhibitory co-receptors (gp49Bl) (Kuroiwa etal, 1998) and to the p-ITIM-like motif of the adhesion receptor, PECAM-1 (Pumphrey et al., 1999), furthermore, in vitro it binds to the phosphorylated immimoreceptor tyrosine based activation motifs (p-TTAM) within the p and y subunits of the high affinity IgE receptor (Kimura et al. 1997)), and the zeta chain of T cell receptor (Osborne et al, 1996). However, in vivo coprecipitation of these molecules was not observed. 

Moffatt, M., Mill, M. and Cornells, F. (1994). Genetic linkage of T cell receptors and y/5 complex to specific IgE response, Lancet, 343, 1997-2001. 

Fig. 11.9. Subunit structure of the T cell receptors. The figure shows the different subunits of T cell receptors in a highly simplified representation. The stoichiometry of the subunits in the complete receptor is not clear. The aP chains are also known as the TiaP complex the ye and 8e chains together form the CDS complex. ARAM antigen recognition activation motif...

The further com e of signal transduction is variable. The following signaling pathways are activated following stimulation of T cell receptors ... 

The interactions of antibody and antigen are much better understood than are the binding properties of T-cell receptors. However, before focusing on antibodies, we need to look at the humoral and cellular immune systems in more detail to put the fundamental biochemical interactions into their proper context. 

The immune response is mediated by interactions among an array of specialized leukocytes and their associated proteins. T lymphocytes produce T-cell receptors. B lymphocytes produce immunoglobulins. All cells produce MHC proteins, which display host (self) or antigenic (nonself) peptides on the cell surface. In a process called clonal selection, helper T cells induce the proliferation of B cells and cytotoxic T cells that produce immunoglobulins or of T-cell receptors that bind to a specific antigen. 

Note that the mechanism proposed for helper T-cell function requires that T cells have surface receptors that recognize antigen-processing cells, antigen itself, and the appropriate B cell. We will shortly discuss the nature of T-cell receptors, as well as the surface structures they recognize, in a broader context. 

Li H, Llera A, Mariuzza RA. 1998. Structure function studies of T cell receptor-superantigen interactions. Immunol Rev. 163 177-186. 

Boniface, J. J., Reich, Z., Lyons, D. S., and Davis, M. M. (1999). Thermodynamics of T cell receptor binding to peptide-MHC Evidence for a general mechanism of molecular scanning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 11446-11451. 

Borst, J., Jacobs, H., Brouns, G. (1996). Composition and function of T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor complexes on precursor lymphocytes. Cuir. Op. Immunol. 8,181-190. 

Lafaille, J.J., DeCloux, A., Bonneville, M., Takagaki, Y., Tonegawa, S. (1989). Junctional sequences of T cell receptor y genes implications for yd T cell lineages and for a novel intermediate of V-(D)-J joining. Cell 59,859-870. 

Murom onab Murine IgG2a CD3e Part of T-cell receptor complex Peptides presented by MHC on APCp>... 

Yamamoto, T., Hattori, M., and Yoshida, T. 2007. Induction of T-cell activation or anergy determined by combination of intensity and duration of T-cell receptor stimulation, and sequential induction in an individual cell. Immunology 121 383-391. 

Onda T, Laface D, Baier G, Brunner T, Honma N, Mikayama T, Altman A, Green DR, A phage display system for detection of T cell receptor-antigen interactions, Mol. Immunol., 32(17/18) 1387—1397, 1995. 

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