Multiple sclerosis drugs

Bayas A, Reickmann R Managing the adverse effects of interferon-(3 therapy in multiple sclerosis. Drug Saf 2000 22 149-159. 

Shares in Elan and Biogen Idee plunged as the firms suspended sales of new multiple sclerosis drug T sabri after a patient s death (finally 3 died) in the US. ... 

P. L. McCormack, Natalizumab A Review of Its Use in the Management of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, Drugs, 2013, 73,1463. 

This experimental drug is a derivative of myriocin. After phosphorylation FTY720 modulates chemotactic responses and lymphocyte trafficking, leading to reversible lymphocyte sequestration in secondary lymphoid tissues. It is in clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. 

Corticotropin is used for diagnostic testing of adrenocortical function. This drug may also be used for the management of acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis, nonsuppurative thyroiditis, and hypercalcemia associated with cancer. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drug when conventional glucocorticoid therapy lias not been effective (see Display 50-1). 

Use antineoplastic, immunosuppressive, multiple sclerosis therapeutic, antiangiogenic, disease modifying drug, systemic lupus erythematosus therapeutic... 

Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are calcineurin inhibitors that are administered as part of immunosuppressive regimens in kidney, liver, heart, lung, and bone marrow transplant recipients. In addition, they are used in autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. The pathophysiologic mechanism for ARF is renal vascular vasoconstriction.41 It often occurs within the first 6 to 12 months of treatment, and can be reversible with dose reduction or drug discontinuation. Risk factors include high dose, elevated trough blood concentrations, increased age, and concomitant therapy with other nephrotoxic drugs.41 Cyclosporine and tacrolimus are extensively metabolized by... 

DasGupta R, Fowler CJ. Bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis management strategies. Drugs 2003 63 153-166. 

Different people respond differently to any given drug, even if they present with essentially identical disease symptoms. Optimum dose requirements, for example, can vary significantly. Furthermore, not all patients respond positively to a specific drug (e.g. IFN-P is of clinical benefit to only one in three multiple sclerosis patients see Chapter 8). The range and severity of adverse effects induced by a drug can also vary significantly within a patient population base. 

The symptoms of many chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are caused in large part by an excessive and chronic inflammatory response and are therefore potential human diseases for drugs which inhibit the SSAO/VAP-1 activity. Notably, it has been recently shown that patients suffering from either atopic eczema or psoriasis, both chronic inflammatory skin disorders, demonstrate an increase in SSAO/VAP-1 positive vessels in their skin compared to skin from healthy controls [47,48]. 

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of zinc- and calcium-dependent enzymes that are responsible for the metabolism of extracellular matrix proteins [27]. Increased activity of MMPs has been associated with pathological diseases such as arthritis, cancer, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer s disease [28-31]. Therefore, they constitute an important group of drug targets. Their inhibition is accomplished by blocking the active site of the catalytic domain with ligands that contain hydroxamic or carboxylic acids to chelate the Zn metal. The identification of low molecular weight compounds that contain different scaffolds may lead to the development of a new class of specific inhibitors. 

For neuropharmaceuticals that target the brain, as in the cases of neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer s, multiple sclerosis),psychiatric or psychotherapy, stroke, and infectious diseases, drug candidates are tested using in vivo and in vitro models to assess the transfer of the drug compound across the BBB. 

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