Multiple sclerosis case study

NMR spectroscopy of CSF has been used in a number of studies of multiple sclerosis (MS). In one study a total of 19 patients with multiple sclerosis, 12 patients with degenerative dementia and 17 controls were examined. They showed increased lactate and fructose levels in multiple sclerosis patients but no correlations between NMR spectra and the differentiation of relapsing, remitting and primary, progressive multiple sclerosis. Another study examined 53 cases of multiple sclerosis plus others with a variety of neurological disorders and showed that the observed level of lactate correlated with the... 

Confavreux C, Saddier P, Grimaud J, Moreau T, Adeleine P, Aimard G. Risk of cancer from azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis a case-control study. Neurology 1996 46(6) 1607-12. 

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are those in which the irreversible deteriorization of neurons affects movement and/or memory. A number of these diseases have been associated with neurotoxic chemical exposures. These include Parkinson s disease, Alzheimer s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also called motor neuron disease), and multiple sclerosis. NDDs and their associations with neurotoxic exposures are introduced here. Specific examples and case studies are discussed in the following sections. 

Flodin U, Soderfeldt B, Noorlind-Brage H, et al. Multiple sclerosis, solvents and pets. A case-referent study. Arch Neurol 1988 45(6) 620-3. 

Gronning M, Albrektsen G, Kvale G, et al. Organic solvents and multiple sclerosis A case-control study. Acta Neurol Scand 1993 88(4) 247-50. 

Ramil E, Sanchez AJ, Gonzalez-Perez P et al (2010) The cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and multiple sclerosis an association study in two case-control groups from Spain. Mult Scler 16 139-146... 

In this case study, we present a detailed step-by-step description of our study of gene expression responses in interferon-j3 (IFN-j3) treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (27). 

The concern with multiple sclerosis arose with hepatitis B vaccination in France. The original concern came from a case-series in a specialist neurological centre. Subsequently, case-control studies and cohort studies, particularly utilizing computerized prescription databases, failed to demonstrate any association. The evidence was reviewed at a meeting at WHO, and the conclusion reached was that there was no association (Hall et al., 1999). 

Most of the human studies of vitamin D and autoimmune diseases have focused on diabetes mellitus type 1 and multiple sclerosis. Higher risks of these diseases are generally seen at higher latitudes (e.g. farther north in the northern hemisphere and farther south in the southern hemisphere), which would be areas of relatively low exposure to ultraviolet radiation (Ponsonby et al., 2002). Case-control and prospective studies of maternal and child vitamin D intake have provided some evidence of a protective effect of vitamin D on risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 1... 

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