Multiple Sclerosis MS

MS is a central nervous system disorder in which myelin is gradually destroyed in patches throughout the brain or spinal cord, or both. This loss of myelin interferes with nerve transmissions and leads to muscular weakness, loss of coordination, numbness, tremors, and speech and vision disturbances. MS is thought to be an autoimmune disease. 

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) 4. In rats with EAE, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, AEA and 2-AG levels are decreased in the striatum and midbrain. This might be associated with motor impairment 4. Inhibitors of degradation (both FAAH and cellular re-uptake)... 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is variable in terms of symptoms and presentation. The name refers to two features of the disease multiple describes the number of CNS lesions and sclerosis refers to the demyelinated lesions. Today, these lesions are usually called plaques, rather than scleroses. Although scientific understanding of MS has progressed at a rapid pace, there are still many areas of evolving knowledge. 

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)... 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating disease of the CNS that produces demyelination and inflammation. It is believed that its pathogenesis involves an immune reaction against various components of the myelin sheath. In a study by Lock et al. (2002), the gene expression patterns of brain lesions obtained during autopsies of MS patients were examined by microarray cluster analysis. A total of 1080 genes (from 7026 represented... 

There is much interest in the medical applications of Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana). An oral spray consisting of the marijuana constituents, cannabidiol (CBD,19) and A -mzw-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 20), has been approved recendy in Canada for the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and it is possible that this drug will be approved elsewhere in the near future. ... 

Nervous system Acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (MS). 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) - For the treatment of relapsing forms of MS to slow the accumulation of physical disability and decrease the frequency of clinical exacerbations. 

Myocardial toxicity, manifested in its most severe form by potentially fatal CHF, may occur either during therapy with mitoxantrone or months to years after termination of therapy. Mitoxantrone use has been associated with cardiotoxicity this risk increases with cumulative dose. In cancer patients, the risk of symptomatic CHF was estimated to be 2.6% for patients receiving up to a cumulative dose of 140 mg/m. For this reason, monitor patients for evidence of cardiac toxicity and question them about symptoms of heart failure prior to initiation of treatment. Monitor patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who reach a cumulative dose of 100 mg/m for evidence of cardiac toxicity prior to each subsequent dose. Ordinarily, patients with MS should not receive a cumulative dose greater than 140 mg/m. Active or dormant cardiovascular disease, prior or concomitant radiotherapy to the mediastinal/pericardial area, previous therapy with other anthracyclines or anthracenediones, or concomitant use of other cardiotoxic drugs may increase the risk of cardiac toxicity. Cardiac toxicity with mitoxantrone may occur at lower cumulative doses whether or not cardiac risk factors are present (see Warnings and Administration.and.Dosage). 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory demyeli-nating disease of the central nervous system that affects worldwide about 2.5 million people with no cure. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-induced EAE) in DA rats is an appropriate model for therapeutic testing, sharing many features with human multiple sclerosis. 

Bladder dysfunction. Two whole-plant extracts of Cannabis sativa were administered to patients with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS) and refractory troublesome lower urinary tract symptoms. The patients... 

Recent development highlighted a shift in FDA position and interpretation of the market exclusivity clause. Under the orphan designation, three interferon products, Betaseron (IFN-pib), Avonex (IFN-pia) and Rebif (IFN-pia) are currently approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The interplay in drug safety and efficacy consideration, business strategies, and regulatory rationale permitting approval of the three drugs for MS treatment is discussed in Box 3.5. 

A recombinant IFN-P, IFN-pia (Rebif Serono and Avonex Biogen) is produced for commercial use in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A synthetic mutant produced in bacteria has a substitution of serine for cysteine at amino acid 17, yielding IFN-pib Betaseron Berlex). Both IFN-pia and IFN-pib are approved by the FDA for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and have shown comparable biological activity (see Section 7.3). In vivo IFN-a2 and IFN-alb show comparable biological activity as well as similar side effects [54,55]. However, IFN-P is eliminated faster, resulting in no detectable serum peak levels [56]. The clinical consequence of this is not known. Objective responses, whether partial or complete tumor regression, have been documented in patients with carcinoma of the breast, hairy-cell leukemia, and non-small-cell lung cancer [57,58]. 

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), affecting... 

Indications Treatment of relapsing-remitting forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) to slow the accumulation of physical dis-... 

E Role in therapy Betaseron is useful for reducing symptomatic exacerbation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with relapsing-remitting disease. The drug should be considered in patients with ch-nically deflnite or laboratory-supported definite disease. It is not indicated in those patients with primary progressive MS. Interferon beta-la (Avonex) has also demonstrated activity in MS patients. 

Das (2003) made an interesting point recently when he suggested that there were currently 371 new products currently on trial against diseases such as Alzheimer s, AIDS, arthritis, cancer, heart disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS). For MS, Serono (Geneva, Switzerland) announced that their new drug Rebif , a form of interferon la, would cost a patient 17,000 a year. Das therefore suggested that supply of many new protein therapeutics for a year was quite likely to exceed 10,000. In spite of this expense, the patient may have no alternatives and this would remain the situation where the disease had inadequate therapy or no treatment at all. 

B. Factors affecting the generation of the action potential 1. Disease - Multiple Sclerosis (MS)... 

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