Monitor system

The specific results of well over 1 year of continued monitoring will be discussed in a second paper. It is pointed out here that the AEBIL monitoring system installed in the power plant for the above monitoring purposes has efficiently and continuedly performed during this time interval, with no instrumentation reliability problems. 

AEBIL monitoring system it consists of the following sub-units, located in the control backroom, (figs. 3,4) ... 

The AEBIL acoustic emission monitoring system installed on site has shown a good level of functional reliability no instrumentation failure is to be recorded in over 1 year of continuous in-plant operation. 

The monitoring system consistently identifies the occurrence and the position of significant... 

Ultrasonic reflections out of the weld volume are documented in a top and side view together with the area of weld volume scanned. A new coupling monitoring system ensures 100% coupling reliability. Furthermore the systems does not require any mechanics to monitor the probe position as the position data is monitored by airborne sound sensors. 

The questions connected with exception of the subjective factor of process of an estimation of its results are considered by use of the automated monitoring systems. The principles of construction of the automated systems are shown on the basis of the unified imits, and also on a principle of self-training. The examples of the equipment, realized to the present time, are given. 

The convenience of the offered monitoring system consists in an opportunity fast adjustment in conditions of many nomenclature manufacture, reception of the protocol of the testing results, opportunity of use of the unskilled personnel. By an offered principle installations for the testing of welding by explosion of cases of plunger pumps, details of air engineering and other were developed. 

BE-7269 Protection and monitoring systems for hydroelectric generating sets Mr. F. Arregui IBERDROLA Tecnologiaa da... 

Phosphoric acid [7664-38-2] is rarely used because of cost and disposal problems. Nitric acid [7697-37-2] is to be avoided because it is known to cause catastrophic damage to resin, equipment, and personnel if appropriate controls and monitoring systems are not installed. 

Continuous Emissions Monitoring. A key aspect of the new CAAA is the requirement that plants prove their continued compHance to new emissions limits by installing continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMs). The CAAA imposes new requirements for monitoring NO, SO2, and CO2 levels in a plant s exhaust gas stream. Affected plants typically must gather data from stack monitoring systems, gas analyzers, and the plant s data acquisition system and provide the data in a format approved by the EPA and state regulators. CEM systems must be in place by November 1993 for boilers affected by Phase I of the CAAA, and byjanuary 1995 for plants impacted by Phase II. 

ICRMS (International Chemical Regulatoy Monitoring System), Ariel Research Corp., Bethesda, Md., 1996. 

Since the higher thermal conduc tivity material (copper or bronze) is a much better bearing material than the conventional steel backing, it is possible to reduce the babbitt thickness to. 010-030 inch. Embedded thermocouples and RTDs will signal distress in the bearing if properly positioned. Temperature-monitoring systems have been found to be more accurate than axial-position indicators, which tend to have linearity problems at high temperatures. 

Electric Tracing An electric tracing system (see Fig. 10-178) consists of an electric heater placed against the pipe under the thermal insulation, the supply of electricity to the tracer, and any control or monitoring system that may be used (optional). The supply of electricity to the tracer usually consists of an electrical panel and electrical conduit or cable trays. Depending on the size or the tracing system and the capacity of the existing electrical system, an additional transformer may be required. 

The analytical range is determined by the instrumental design. For this method, a portion of the analytical range is selected by choosing the span of the monitoring system. The span of the monitoring system is selected such that the pollutant gas concentration equivalent to the emission standard is not less than 30 percent of the span. If at any time during a rim the measured gas concentration exceeds the span, the rim is considered invahd. 

Electrochemical impedance. spectro.scopy, AC probe.s. EIS, although around since the 1960s, has primarily been a laboratory technique. Commercially available probes and monitoring systems that measure EIS are becoming more widely used, especially in plants that have on-staff corrosion experts to interpret the data or to train plant personnel to do so. 

Ion probes. Determining the level of ions in solution also helps to control corrosion. An increase in concentration of specific ions can contribute to scale formation, which can lead to a corrosion-related failure. Ion-selective elec trode measurements can be included, just as pH measurements can, along with other more typical corrosion measurements. Especially in a complete monitoring system, this can add information about the effect of these ions on the material of interest at the process plant conditions. 

Microbiauy induced corrosion (MIC) probes. Devices are available to measure the amount of microbial activity in some environments. MicrobiaUy induced corrosion is known to be an actor in many corrosion-related problems in processing plants. The monitoring devices for MIC are limited in their range and, at present, are available only for a few specific environments. This is an exciting area for development of corrosion probes and monitoring systems. 

The initial measurement of electrical resistance must be made after considerable time. Phenomenological information has been determined based on the corrosion rate expected at what period of time to initiate readings of the electrical resistance. Since these values are based on experiential fac tors rather than on fundamental (so-called first) principles, correlation tables and lists of suggested thicknesses, compositions, and response times for usage of ER-type probes have developed over time, and these have been incorporated into the values read out of monitoring systems using the ER method. 

Limitations of Probes and Monitoring Systems There are limitations even with the most up-to-date systems. Some of the things which cannot be determined using corrosion probes include ... 

Failure analysis. Often, for a corrosion-related failure, data from the probes are examined to look for telltale signs that could have led to detection of the failure. In some cases, evidence can be found that process changes were occurring which led to the failure. This does not mean that the probes should have detected the failure itself. Determination of an imminent corrosion-related failure is not possible, even with the most advanced monitoring system. 

The aforementioned limitations are not problems with the probes or the monitoring systems but occur when information is desired that cannot be measured direc tly or which requires extrapolation. Many of the problems that are encountered with corrosion-monitoring systems and probes are related to the use to which probes are put. 

This is an example of measuring the wrong thing. In this case, the probes work adequately, the monitoring system is adequate, as is the monitoring interval, but detection of the type of corrosion cannot be made based on the available data. Different types of probes and testing are required to detect the corrosion problem. 

The type of probe, its materials, and method of construction must be carenilly considered in designing an effective corrosion-monitoring system. Since different types of probes provide different types of information, it may be necessary to use several types. 

Incorrect information can result if the probe is made of the wrong material and is not heat treated in the same way as the process equipment (as well as because of other problems). The probe must be as close as possible to the material from which the equipment of interest is made. Existence of a critical condition, such as weldments or galvanic couples or occluded cells in the eqmpment of concern, makes the fabrication, placement, and maintenance of the probes and monitoring system or critical importance, if accurate and useful data are to be obtained. 

The data obtained from probes and monitoring systems are most useful when analyzed by a corrosion specialist. Data not taken, analyses not made, or expertise not sought can quickly lead to problems even with the most up-to-date corrosion probes and monitoring system. 

Chang, C.T, K.N. Mah, andC.S. Tsai, A Simple Design Strategyfor Fault Monitoring Systems, AlChE Journal, 39(7), 1993, 1146-1163. (Fault monitoring)... 

World Health Organization, Congenital Malformations Worldwide A Reportfrom the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems, Elsevier, Oxford, 1991, p. 113. 

Johanson, K. A. 1976. Design of a Gas Monitoring System. Loss Prevention Manual, Vol. 10. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York. 

To monitor system operations for better coordination between the various feeders and rapid control of the feeders. 

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