United Kingdom monitoring system

U.K. Department of Health and Social Security (1989), The Application of GLP Principles to Computer Systems, GLP Monitoring Unit, United Kingdom Compliance Programme, London. 

Instrumented tablet presses with computer interfaces allow the pharmaceutical scientist to study the mechanism of compaction and the relationship of the mechanism to tablet-compaction properties and formulations. In addition, automated systems are useful to develop compression profiles for reference purposes, to control weight of tablets during development and production, and to monitor punch wear. This automation reduces the burden on personnel faced with the requirements of quality control. Merck Sharp and Dohme s major production facility in the United Kingdom is fully computerized to manufacture a high-volume tablet product as well as multiple-tablet products. " ... 

The first commercial electrochemical glucose sensor for patient self-monitoring was introduced by Medisense, United Kingdom. There are now a number of systems that measure very rapidly and require less than 1-pl sample (Therasense, USA). 

The operation of many safety critical and safety related systems depends upon a number of parameters that determine the system behaviour. Although appropriate values for some of these parameters may be known from first principles or from measurement, others must be inferred from data. The particular example with which this work is concerned is the Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA) system in operation in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. STCA monitors aircraft locations from ground radar and provides advisory alerts... 

P. I. Karkanas, in Cure Modelling and Monitoring of Epoxy/Amine Resin Systems, PhD Thesis, Cranfield University, United Kingdom, 1997. 

TLA was developed in the United Kingdom [20,27]. The surface of a sample (which can be a coupon or a section or tube or pipe) is irradiated to make it slightly radioactive. Two samples are irradiated. One sample is protected from corrosion the second is exposed to the corrosive fluid, in this case the water system. The radioactivity of each of two samples is monitored 2is a function of time. There will be a radioactive decay curve characteristic of the protected sample and a second decay curve for the exposed sample. The difference between the two curves indicates metal loss, which can be converted to corrosion rate. This technique has not been broadly used, but some field use has been reported [27,22]. It shows promise of being an automated coupon which provides a continuous record of corrosion. Figure 4 shows a pipe specimen with an activated area, and Fig. 5 shows data generated in an inhibited cooling tower system. 

Compared with program-level monitoring systems, sectorwide systems put more emphasis on tracking outcomes indicators and less on inputs and processes. Examples of sectorwide monitoring systems that emphasize intermediate and final outcomes are increasingly common in developed (Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the United States) and middle-income countries (Brazil, Chile, Mexico, the Philippines). Two examples follow, plus box 6.3 presents an example of coordination among European Union states. 

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