Integral monitoring system

Monitorization in environmental analysis is necessary. Additional advantages are given by the dynamic integrated monitoring system design... 

Positive indication of valve leakage will be provided in the control room. Monitoring will be provided by an Acoustic Leak Monitoring System (ALMS) consisting of an accelerometer (acoustic sensor) mounted downstream of each valve. A plant annunciator alarm will be provided to alarm if the valve is not fully closed. The ALMS is part of the NSSS Integrity Monitoring System (see Section 7.7.1.6.2 for a detailed description). 

The System 80+ Standard Design incorporates a NSSS Integrity Monitoring System, which is a system that detects deterioration of the NSSS pressure boundary. A description of this system is documented in CESSAR-DC, Section 7.7.1.6. The system has three subsystems the Internals Vibration Monitoring System (IVMS), the Acoustic Leak Monitoring System (ALMS), and the Loose Parts Monitoring System (LPMS). 

In summary, the NSSS Integrity Monitoring System as described above meets the guidance of the applicable Regulatory Guides and the requirements of the applicable codes and standards. Thus, this issue is resolved for the System 80+ Standard Design. 

The ALMS is part of the NSSS Integrity Monitoring System and is described in CESSAR-DC, Sections 7.7.1.6.1 and 7.7.1.6.2. The function of the ALMS is to detect a leak at specific locations or within specific components in the primary system including the primary safety valves. The ALMS provides the control room operator with a direct and unambiguous method of determining the position (open or closed) of the pressurizer safety valves as required by NUREG-0737. 

Trego, A. Installation of the Autonomous Structural Integrity Monitoring System. 4th Int. Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford/CA, USA DEStech Publ. (2003), pp. 863-870... 

Key elements in this integral monitoring system oriented to safety objectives are ... 

F. Cattaneo, C. De Michelis, S. Ghia, G.M.Piana "AEBIL a new acoustic emission system for on-line structural integrity monitoring of critical power plant components" to be presented at the 7th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, Copenhagen, 26-29 May 1998. 

Integrated control system This includes various safety, monitoring, and control systems, including a reactor protection system. 

These tracer and tagged polymer products are very useful for conducting test work such as in the examples given above, but, similar to their application in cooling water, the monitoring system only measures the bulk-water concentration of polymer. This may have little or no relevance to metal surface chemistry and the protective integrity of the magnetite film. 

Figure 10.19 is an example that illustrates the Brillouin fiber-optic sensor system that could be applied to pipelines for integrity monitoring [39]. 

Sensor technologies for leak detection and integrity monitoring are important. Major sensor technologies have been identified and are being developed. The new pipeline systems should be equipped with leak and integrity monitoring sensors to ensure safe operation and meet the code requirements. 

Figure 1.7. Large-area electronic fabrics and health monitoring systems for soldiers and personnel employed in high-risk field operations, (a) Operation of a personnel health monitoring system, (b) Example of a vest with integrated sensors for monitoring body temperature, respiration rate, and other bodily parameters.

Because of the complexity of integrated processes and the large volume of available data in highly automated plants, classification algorithms are increasingly used nowadays. They are applied to the design of monitoring systems and to reduce the dimension of the data reconciliation problem. 

An alarm system is a type of electronic monitoring system that is used to detect and respond to specific types of events—such as unauthorized access to an asset, or a possible fire. In chemical processing systems, alarms are also used to alert operators when process operating or monitoring conditions go out of preset parameters (i.e., process alarms). These types of alarms are primarily integrated with process monitoring and reporting systems (i.e., SCADA systems). Note that this discussion does not focus on alarm systems that are not related to a facility s processes. 

Manz, A., Harrison, D. J., Verpoorte, E. M. J., Fettinger, J. C., Paulus, A., Luedi, H., and Widmer, H. M. (1992). Planar chips technology for miniaturization and integration of separation techniques into monitoring systems. Capillary electrophoresis on a chip.. Chromatogr. 593, 253-258. 

The hazardous components of MSW, ie, household chemicals, oily wastes, and lead and other metals in batteries, can leach from landfills and contaminate both surface water and groundwater or enter the atmosphere. Increased regulation to improve landfill integrity has led to impermeable liners and drainage and water quality monitoring systems. As a result, in many urban areas, land is either no longer readily available for new landfills or is available only at high cost. 

Scientific environmental monitoring systems are of particnlar importance. The aim must be to integrate environmental protection considerations into prod-nets and processes as early as possible in the development phase. 

The entire system is based on a tiered approach where three layers of technology are integrated into the overall treatment system, as illustrated in Chart 2. First, a distributed process control system is network linked to the various component subunits of the waste management system such as pH control, ion-exchange control, tank level control, etc. Next, are the recovery/treatment processes themselves. The final tier is a monitoring system which controls both the performance of the treatment systems and the discharge assurance of the plant effluent... 

Whether a control system comprises distinct instruments for nominal control functions and process monitoring, or an integrated control system, a nominal set of control function tests are necessary. The tests described encompass both controller capability and equipment performance. These tests may be completed during the FAT as part of a separate computer system validation. 

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