International Monitoring System

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty consists of a preamble, 17 articles, two annexes and a Protocol. The Protocol describes verification procedures and contains two annexes. One annex lists the 337 facilities comprising the International Monitoring System (IMS) and the other annex describes parameters for standard event screening by the International Data Centre (IDC). 

Protocol Part I describes the International Monitoring System (IMS) and outlines the functions of the International Data Centre (IDC). 

A critical part for the functioning of IDC is the Global Communications Infrastructure (GCI). The GCI will support the transmission of raw data from the 337 facilities of the International Monitoring System (IMS) to the IDC in Vienna, and the distribution of data and IDC products to State Signatories, primarily through their national data centres (NDCs). The GCI will be the world s first, global VSAT-based satellite system, linking stations and NDCs in populated and quite remote areas of all continents and island sites. 

Given this technical limitation in the current international monitoring system, on-site inspections (OS will be relied upon to gather evidence on ambiguous or suspect events. 

In other instances, process evaluation is a substitute for a missing or a poorly performing monitoring and internal review system. Process evaluation should complement, not substitute for, internal monitoring systems. For example, Zambia s Kalomo District Pilot Social Cash Transfer Scheme included process evaluation carried out by external evaluators, but this was coupled with assistance provided by the external evaluator to the ministry to build in-house monitoring capacity. 

Seismometer Arrays, Fig. 1 Seismic arrays equipped with short-period or broadband seismic sensors in operation in December 2013 as part of the International Monitoring System (IMS) for the Comprehtaisive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). The code name... 

International Atomic Energy Agency Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Imperial Chemical Industries Israel Institute for Biological Research International Monitoring System Improvised Nuclear Device Information Circular Iraq Nuclear Verification Office Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (Sao Paulo, Brazil)... 

ICRMS (International Chemical Regulatoy Monitoring System), Ariel Research Corp., Bethesda, Md., 1996. 

World Health Organization, Congenital Malformations Worldwide A Reportfrom the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems, Elsevier, Oxford, 1991, p. 113. 

The third approach is to install an external monitoring system that can detect the presence of the stored chemical in or on the groundwater or in the backfill and soil surrounding the tank system. In many instances both internal and external methods are used in conjunction as a way to increase the liability of detection. 

To reduce barriers to trade the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development worked on that topic and pnblished its first decision in 1981. To introduce an internationally accepted system in all countries the OECD pnblished Cuides for Compliance Monitoring Procednies for CLP and Cnidance for the Conduct of Laboratory Inspections and Stndy Audits in 1989 which ate binding for all OECD member states. 

As in previous years, the Report is based on data obtained primarily from the Annual Reports Questionnaire (ARQ) sent by Governments to UNODC in 2006, supplemented by other sources when necessary and where available. Two of the main limitations herein are (i) that ARQ reporting is not systematic enough, both in terms of number of countries responding and of content, and (ii) that most countries lack the adequate monitoring systems required to produce reliable, comprehensive and internationally comparable data. National monitoring systems are, however, improving and UNODC has contributed to this process. 

CICAD). National government reports published in the scientific literature were also used as sources of information. This type of supplementary information is useful and necessary as long as Member States lack the monitoring systems necessary to produce reliable, comprehensive and internationally comparable data. 

International Clearing House (1991) Congenital malformations worldwide. A report from the International Clearing House for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems. Amsterdam, Elsevier. 

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