Remote Monitoring System

Vne of the common problems encountered in studies of aqueous geo-chemistry and water pollution is proper identification of a particular species of an element or compound that may be present in the system. The use of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to determine the presence and concentration of equilibrium and/or nonequilibrium metal species in natural water systems has not been adequately investigated. Coincidentally, Mn2, one of the easiest elemental species to detect by ESR, is also one of the dissolved species of considerable concern in problems related to heavy metal pollution and aqueous geochemistry. Furthermore, with proper design there exists the possibility of using electron spin resonance as the basis of a remote monitoring system for the detection of appropriate heavy metals in natural water systems. 

FIGURE 11.7 Remote monitoring systems connect cardiac device patients from home or other location to their clinics via a secure Internet website. 

Choi J-K, Hwang I-S, Kim S-J, Park J-S, Park S-S, Jeong U, Kang YC, Lee J-H (2010) Design of selective gas sensors using electrospun Pd-doped SnO hollow nanofibers. Sens Actuators B 150 191-199 Chung W-Y, Oh S-J (2006) Remote monitoring system with wireless sensors module for room environment. Sens Actuators B 113 64-70... 

BE-7S67 Fibre optics for remote monitoring of structural integrity of elevated temperature insulated systems (FORMS) Mr. Manuel Gomea Eitrada Nacional... 

The principal requirement of a sampling system is to obtain a sample that is representative of the atmosphere at a particular place and time and that can be evaluated as a mass or volume concentration. Remote monitoring techniques are discussed in Chapter 15. The sampling system should not alter the chemical or physical characteristics of the sample in an undesirable manner. The major components of most sampling systems are an inlet manifold, an air mover, a collection medium, and a flow measurement device. 

Continuous monitoring is necessary on critical machines where problems can develop rapidly and have severe financial consequences. Typical machines in this category are unspared process compressors. Remotely located machinery such as pipeline gas compressors also require continuous monitoring. Also, continuous monitoring may be dictated by safety considerations. Even though the cost of a failure is small, machines should be continuously monitored if a failure will result in hazards to personnel. Figure 8-38 depicts a typical continuous monitoring system. 

The pilot monitoring system shall include locally mounted warning lights to indicate which pilot has been extinguished. The panel shall also indicate when all pilots are operating. A set of contacts shall be provided for activating a remote trouble alarm. Under normal operation, contacts are to be closed, and will deenergize and open to alarm condition. 

Control of site equipment is always important for safety and operational concerns. Many sites are remote or not staffed on a daily basis. Remediation equipment should be fitted with failsafe systems to shut down the system in the event of failure, fire, or unusual conditions (such as injection well plugging). Alarm systems should be included, which may be as simple as illuminating a warning hght, or as complex as a teleconnection to a remote computer station or telephone alert to the operator s residence. Many commercial companies offer remote monitoring equipment. 

Wireless data communications devices are used to enable transmission of data between computer systems and/or between a SCADA server and its sensing devices, without individual components being physically linked together via wires or cables. In industrial chemical processing systems, these devices are often used to link remote monitoring stations (i.e., SCADA components) or portable computers (i.e., laptops) to computer networks without using physical wiring connections. 

Thus, at each iteration of (5.8), system (5.14) should be solved. The rate of convergence of this procedure depends on the correct choice of initial conditions. The method of differential approximation refers to universal approaches in the function approximation theory to the analysis of dynamic systems. Under remote monitoring conditions, the use of this method can be justified by allowing aircraft and satellite measurements to be spaced in time with respect to the objects to be monitored and, hence, in processing the readings from measuring instruments it is necessary to take into account possible changes in the object between moments of measurement. 

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