Date system

Limitations of Probes and Monitoring Systems There are limitations even with the most up-to-date systems. Some of the things which cannot be determined using corrosion probes include ... 

With respect to interpretation, the existence of alternative dating techniques has made clear the necessity for and the difficulty of this step. That is, nature seldom provides ideal dating systems with fixed injection rates, negligible losses, and constant temperature. As a result, simple dates based upon observed isotopic ratios and nuclear half-lives, for example, frequently require cautious interpretation before they can serve as accurate... 

Purser, K. H., Hanley, P. R., A carbon-14 dating system, In Proc. 1st Conference on Radiocarbon Dating with Accelerators, University Rochester, 165-186, 1978. 

Date System type Initials Analyst number of samples Sample type RSD R T RT- check Ref 2 Control referen- ces Selectivity (separation pass/fail ) Blank peaks (Y/N) oos reference number NC reference number Carry over Y/N Other causes Comments... 

Note the use of et al. in the preceding examples. The abbreviation et al. (from the Latin et alia) means and others and is used to refer to works that have three or more authors. In the author—date system, the abbreviation et al. follows the last name of the hrst author every time the work is cited. In most ACS journals, et ah , if it is used, is used without capital letters, quotation marks, or italics. In some non-ACS journals, et al. is italicized ( et al ), but the rules regarding capital letters and quotation marks are the same. Because et al. means and others, the verb following et al. must agree with the plural subject (e.g., Snow et al. show... ). Consider the following incorrect and correct examples (based on ACS guidelines) ... 

As with all radiometric dating systems, the K- Ar system will only produce a valid age if the basic assumptions of radiometric dating are satisfied. In particular, a valid age can only be obtained if the samples remained closed to diffusion of argon either into or out of the system. Two different approaches can be taken to date an object with the 40K-40Ar system. 

Details of radiometric dating systems using neutron activation... 

Name Site Start date Systems compared (O, B, L, C ) Rotation Reference... 

The author (date) system is used to identify a book or article in the list of references, which precedes the index. 

In all three systems, the author s name may be made part of the sentence. In such cases, in the author-date system, place only the year in parentheses. 

When citing more than one reference at one place by the author-date system, list them alphabetically according to the first author s name, followed by a comma and the year. Use a semicolon to separate individual references. 

That direct absorption spectra with high signal-to-noise can be obtained with such dilute expansions demonstrates the superior sensitivity of the FTUV technique as compared to a conventional dispersive method. Based on the OCIO A <— X absorption cross section of about 3000 L mol-1 cm-1, we calculated [28a that the FTUV method has 15 times better sensitivity and three orders of magnitude higher resolution than our best dispersive absorption, supersonic jet technique [3c. To date, systems with absorptivities as low as e = 200 L mol-1 cm-1 have been studied with FT spectroscopy in a free jet expansion with reasonable signal-to-noise at spectral resolutions as low as 0.1 cm"1. 

Nevertheless, due to increase of threats from different terrorist groups, works must be continued on further upgrading of the actual physical protection level at PA Mayak s transport facilities. First and foremost, this implies prompt equipment of the special train of TK-VG-18 railcars and the TK-VS escort-car with up-to-date systems of physical protection and communications. 

Dating Systems Approach to Archaeological Research, Chap. 2, unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles... 

In order to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information, several specialists of vibrational spectroscopy have contributed chapters dealing with their particular fields. The editor did not make considerable effort to force the authors to use exactly the same nomenclature. The nomenclature used by different authors reflects the common usage in the pertinent literature of the individual fields. There are typical but established differences in the nomenclature used by chemists and physicists - chemists prefer to think in terms of molecules and their properties, whereas physicists like to concentrate on phenomena and formalisms. However, the lUPAC and lUPAP rules as well as the SI units are obeyed wherever suitable and possible. The literature citations of all chapters are collected in a common section at the end of this book, arranged according to the name-date system (Ebel and Bliefert, 1990). 

Excel records dates and times by means of a serial value. There are two different serial value systems — the 1900 Date System, used by Excel for Windows, and the 1904 Date System, used by Excel for the Macintosh. In Excel for Windows, a date is calculated as the number of days elapsed since the base date, January 1, 1900 in Excel for the Macintosh, the base date is January 1,1904. Thus in Excel for Windows, July 1, 2001 is represented as the serial value 37073, the number of days elapsed since the base date. Dates can extend to the year 9999 but not prior to 1900 (or prior to 1904 in Excel for the Macintosh). 

Example =DATEVALUE("3 Aug 1938") returns 12633 if the 1904 Date System is in effect. 

Sources, Production, Important Compounds, Uses, Waste Products and Recycling, 4) Distribution in the Environment, in Foods and Living Orgamsms, 5) Uptake, Absorption, Transport and Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination in Plants, Animals and Humans, 6) Effects (beneficial and/or adverse) on Plants, Animals and Humans, 7) Hazard Evaluation and Limiting Concentrations, 8) Complete References using the Harvard (Name and Date) System. The reference citation system, regrettably not continuously found in the 1st edition, has been, as far as possible, followed in this edition for the benefit of our readers. 

Julian date (JD) - The number of days elapsed since noon Greenwich Mean Time on January 1, 4713 B.C. Thus January 1, 2000, Oh (midnight) will be JD 2,451,543.5. This dating system was introduced by Joseph Scaliger in 1582. 

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