Fluids monitoring system

Murch et al. (183) have recently described the application of the on-line measurement of the physical properties of drilling fluids that may eliminate the need for laborious manual rig site testing. The fluids monitoring system (FMP) constructed by Murch et al. gave continuous... 

Gas pressurized Monitor tank level and provide interlock for feed feed shut-off overpressurizes, alternate fluid delivery system (e.g., pump) centrifuge system when feed vessel delivery gas pressure to maximum safe empties working pressure of downstream system (e.g., pressure regulation) Restrict feed flow rate to be consistent with vent capacity Ensure adequate vent capacity for maximum possible gas flow ... 

A Btu meter may be used in the fuel-quality system as an aid in determining turbine system efficiency. A water capacitance probe is used for detection of water in the fuel line. A water-detecting device can be incorporated into the corrosion monitoring system. This monitoring device is based on detection of changes in the dielectric constant of unknown fluid components... 

Linear polarization instruments provide an instantaneous corrosion-rate data, by utilizing polarization phenomena. These instruments are commercially available as two-electrode Corrater and three electrode Pairmeter (Figure 4-472). The instruments are portable, with probes that can be utilized at several locations in the drilling fluid circulatory systems. In both Corrater and Pairmeter, the technique involves monitoring electrical potential of one of the electrodes with respect to one of the other electrodes as a small electrical current is applied. The amount of applied current necessary to change potential (no more than 10 to 20 mV) is proportional to corrosion intensity. The electronic meter converts the amount of current to read out a number that represents the corrosion rate in mpy. Before recording the data, sufficient time should be allowed for the electrodes to reach equilibrium with the environment. The corrosion-rate reading obtained by these instruments is due to corrosion of the probe element at that instant [184]. 

Lopez-Avila V, Dodhiwala NS, Beckert WF. 1991. Method for the supercritical fluid extraction of soils/sediments. Las Vegas, NV U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory. EPA/600/S4-90/026. 

Supercritical fluid extraction system - Hewlett Packard Model 7680A totally automated system with unlimited-capacity reciprocating pump, specially designed extraction chamber with safety interlocks, a variable restrictor nozzle and analyte collection trap. The operation of the extractor is controlled by a personal computer which is a Microsoft Windows-based system. An animated status screen provides real-time monitoring of the extraction process. Table II gives the SFE conditions for the HP extractor. 

Solid electrolyte PEM (proton exchange membrane) electrolyzers can be used in systems to avoid use of caustics as an added safety factor and where no one is available to frequently monitor a fluid electrolyte system. PEM electrolyzers are much more expensive, and do not have the track record that alkaline electrolyzers have in use. Although they are reportedly almost trouble free during use, they do pose problems in terms of cost of replacement parts when they become inoperable. Failures in PEM electrolyzers are usually membrane blow-outs or catalyst degeneration. Both problems are costly to service with replacement parts. 

This study was undertaken to develop techniques for direct monitoring of organic hydrothermal synthesis reactions in DACs combined with direct microscopic and spectroscopic observations. Such direct observation provided additional insight into the mechanism, kinetics and phase behavior (miscibility characteristics) of the fluid-rich system. Described below are some results on the direct monitoring of citric acid-HaO system at high P and T with DAC Raman spectroscopy combined with quench product gas chromatographic analysis. 

For patient monitoring as well as for extracellular microphysiometry low volume fluid handling systems with integrated microbiosensor arrays have to be developed (Trajanoski et al. 1996). A very versatile and reliable technology is the use of polymer laminate film. The laminate is based on a PCB material and provides mixed fluidic-electric platform for the assembly of a biosensor array and microfluidic channels. Subsequent lamination of dry film resist layers over previously patterned layers allows the creation of closed channels without the use of any sacrificial layer (Fig. 3). 

Strain and pressure sensors and also biochemosensors for measuring characteristics of the human skin are particularly interesting for this kind of applications because they could measure a wide set of parameters such as posture, breathing activity body fluids composition, etc. in a totally nonintrusive way. This characteristic is in fact very interesting for practical applications. For instance, it would allow doctors to monitor the patient status in real time, 24 h a day additionally, it would afford a better quality of life to patients for whom they would be perceived as noninvasive monitoring systems. 

Complete benchtop units are used routinely for monitoring dissolved oxygen in biological fluids and systems. Portable pressure- and temperature-compensated oxygen-electrode systems are available for monitoring oxygen levels in oceans, lakes, and rivers and in effluents and wastewaters at depths down to about 30 m. 

The delivery is based on the piezoelectric fluid ejection system, which monitors every application of a drug. Using sophisticated technology, the system is able to control the dosing and ejection of micro-droplets to enable direct application on the ocular surface. It can be used across a platform of topical medications. Glaucoma, antibiotic, and mydriatic drops have been successfully sprayed using this delivery system. 

The Gamma Monitor System detects fuel element ruptures by continuously monitoring effluent water from each rear cross-header. A gamma sensitive Ion chamber la revolved past the respective continuous streams and measures the magnitude of the gamma emission. Vlstial fluid audible Alarms eumunclate if the trip points are exceeded. radiation profile of the crossheaders Is plotted on multipoint recorders. 

Although the project aims to focus on the problem of toxic munitions dumps in the Baltic Sea, the proposed monitoring system and the resultant database are directly applicable to dumps of industrial hazardous and toxic wastes and even nuclear material dumps. The only limitation of the proposed system will be that it will not be suitable to monitor liquid discharges of high solubility due to the high dispersion rate of fluids in water. 

Lozano, A., Rosell, J., PaUas-Areny, R., 1995. A multifrequency multichannel electrical impedance data aquisition system for body fluid monitoring. Physiol. Meas. 16, 227—237. 

Vacuum pump in MER (Provides system vacuum for chemical processing.) Shutdown due to loss of electrical power or electrical failure Onsite or offsite electrical or mechanical malfunction Control and monitoring system indications and periodic maintenance inspections Redundant pumps Loss of all vacuum for controlling noble gas and halogen releases and for moving process fluids. 

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