State Regulations

Although ASTM specifies certain quaUty levels, there are a number of factors that contribute to other quaUty levels in the marketplace. At times, government regulations are more restrictive than ASTM specifications, especiaHy with respect to environmental issues. Secondly, competitive forces may encourage companies to provide fuel quaUty that is better than that defined by ASTM. Thirdly, ASTM specifications do not have the force of law, and certain companies may decide to exceed or not meet their recommended values. In response to this last factor, some states have adopted ASTM fuel quahty specifications as state regulations, thus forcing a minimum quaUty level in the field. 

Pa.rticula.te Emission Limits. Particulate emissions, including condensables, must be demonstrated during the bum to be on a dry basis less than 0.18 g/m (0.08 grain per dry standard cubic foot (gr/DSCF)) at the iaciaerator s stack, or lower depending on state regulations. 

United States regulations encompass both federal, state, and local guidelines. In addition, there are numerous voluntary industry guidelines affecting ink making. 

Coalition ofJSlortheast Governors. The CONEG model heavy-metal guideline is implemented through state regulations and limits total metal content of lead, chromium, mercury, and cadmium. The limitation of 100 parts per million total is aimed at protecting the environment from the disposal of post-consumer waste. 

Continuous Emissions Monitoring. A key aspect of the new CAAA is the requirement that plants prove their continued compHance to new emissions limits by installing continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMs). The CAAA imposes new requirements for monitoring NO, SO2, and CO2 levels in a plant s exhaust gas stream. Affected plants typically must gather data from stack monitoring systems, gas analyzers, and the plant s data acquisition system and provide the data in a format approved by the EPA and state regulators. CEM systems must be in place by November 1993 for boilers affected by Phase I of the CAAA, and byjanuary 1995 for plants impacted by Phase II. 

Parameter" Environmentalists recommendations New York State regulations Actual test results from Hempstead... 

The specific requirements to complete the NSR process will vaiy depending on the source location and characteristics, the federal and state regulations which apply, the compliance status of the facihty if it is existing, and the nature of other sources in the area. Atmospheric dispersion modehng is often necessary to determine the maximum offsite ambient air concentrations of the various pollutants that will be... 

Steady-state regulation is the change in sustained speed or pressure (expressed as a percentage of rated) when power or flow output is gradually reduced from rated value to zero. 

In the United States, regulation of emissions from new automotive vehicles has followed the prototype-replicate route. The argument for routine annual automobile inspection is that cars should be regularly inspected for safety (brakes, lights, steering, and tires) and that the additional time and cost required to check the car s emission control system during the same inspection will be minimal. Such an inspection certainly pinpoints cars whose emission control system has been removed, altered, damaged, or deteriorated and force such defects to be remedied. The question is whether... 

Fairman, R., et al. Multiple oligomeric states regulate the DNA binding of helix-loop-helix peptides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90 10429-10433, 1993. 

Heaters and furnaces should also be designed in accordance with standards and codes. Boilers and heating units must be inspected periodically in accordance with codes, insurance requirements and state regulations. Proper controls, interlocks and fail-safe instnunentation must be provided. The heaters should also be provided with sight glasses for flame observation, monitoring devices for flame-out detection, and temperature alarms. 

Historically, under both federal and state regulations, the demand for gas to heat homes and to meet needs of business and industiy took priority over utility use to generate electricity. These restrictions have been eased by amendments to the Fuel Use Act in 1987, and, as a result, new gas-fired generation units are being constructed. However, coal-fired units continue to provide over 50 percent of the total utility generation of electricity. 

Abandonment. State regulations have rules on plugging and abandoning wells. Cement plugs are normally used for that purpose (see Figure 4-404). 

The international, national, and state regulations and guidelines regarding methyl parathion in air, water, and other media are summarized in Table 8-1. 

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