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From oil

In industry, the elimination of asphaltenes from oil involves using propane or butane. The utilization of a lighter paraffin results in the heavier paraffins precipitating along with the asphaltenes thereby diminishing their aromatic character. The oil removed from its asphaltene fraction is known as deasphalted oil or DAO. The precipitated portion is called asphalt. [Pg.13]

When water is produced along with oil, the separation of water from oil invariably leaves some water in the oil. The current oil-in-water emission limit into the sea is commonly 40 ppm. Oily water disposal occurs on processing platforms, some drilling platforms, and at oil terminals. The quality of water disposed from terminals remains an area of scrutiny, especially since the terminals are often near to local habitation and leisure resorts. If the engineer can find a means of reducing the produced water at source (e.g. water shut-off or reinjection of produced water into reservoirs) then the surface handling problem is much reduced. [Pg.73]

The other main physical property of gas which distinguishes it from oil is its compressibility the fractional change in volume (V) per unit of change in pressure (P) at constant temperature (T). Recall that... [Pg.196]

Produced water has to be separated from oil for two main reasons, firstly because the customer is buying oil not water, and secondly to minimise costs associated with evacuation (e.g., volume pumped, corrosion protection for pipelines). A water content of less than 0.5% is a typical specification for sales crude. [Pg.246]

Water separated from oil usually contains small amounts of oil which have to be removed before the water can be released to the environment. Specifications are getting tighter but standards ranging from 10-100 ppm (parts per million) oil in wafer before disposal are currently common. In most areas 40 ppm of oil in water is the legal requirement, i.e. 40 mg / litre. [Pg.246]

The tracer solution is made from oil soluble bromobenzene with the radioactive isotope Br-82. The tracer solution is injected through a thin nozzle inserted into the pipeline through the valve previously connected to the injection instrumentation. The injection device provides a very sharp beginning and termination of the fraction of labelled oil. [Pg.1060]

On the environmental side, it turns out that the surfaces of oceans and lakes are usually coated with natural films, mainly glycoproteins [8]. As they are biological in origin, the extent of such films seems to be seasonal. Pollutant slicks, especially from oil spills, are of increasing importance, and their cleanup can present interesting surface chemical problems. [Pg.104]

The oxygen used in the combustion is supplied by a small cylinder (120 Atm.) fitted with a pressure reduction valve, pressure gauge (to avoid the risk of the cylinder becoming exhausted during an actual determination) and fine control knob. It is important that the valve is kept free from oil or grease of any kind. In order to ensure the complete purity of the oxygen it is first passed through a purification train. [Pg.467]

Gr. iodes, violet) Discovered by Courtois in 1811, Iodine, a halogen, occurs sparingly in the form of iodides in sea water from which it is assimilated by seaweeds, in Chilean saltpeter and nitrate-bearing earth, known as caliche in brines from old sea deposits, and in brackish waters from oil and salt wells. [Pg.122]

Fig. 6. Adsorption capacity of various dessicants vs years of service in dehydrating high pressure natural gas (39). a, Alumin a H-151, gas 27° C and 123 kPa, from oil and water separators b, siUca gel, gas 38° C and 145 kPa, from oil absorption plant c, sorbead, 136-kPa gas from absorption plant ... Fig. 6. Adsorption capacity of various dessicants vs years of service in dehydrating high pressure natural gas (39). a, Alumin a H-151, gas 27° C and 123 kPa, from oil and water separators b, siUca gel, gas 38° C and 145 kPa, from oil absorption plant c, sorbead, 136-kPa gas from absorption plant ...
Soybean meal is the most frequently used source of supplemental protein in the United States (5). Cottonseed meal is another important protein supplement. Both meals are by-products from oil extraction of the seeds. Canola meal is derived from rapeseed low in emcic acid [112-86-7] and glucosinolates. Linseed (derived from flax seed), peanut, sunflower, safflower, sesame, coconut, and palm kernel meals are other sources of supplemental protein that are by-products of oil extraction (4). [Pg.156]

Artificial materials include aUphatic, aromatic, and terpene compounds that are made synthetically as opposed to those isolated from natural sources. As an example, ben2aldehyde may be made synthetically or obtained from oil of bitter almond (51) and t-menthol may be made synthetically or isolated from oil of Mentha arvensis var. to give Bra2iUan mint oil or com mint oil. [Pg.12]

Nature Identical Flavor Matenal A flavor ingredient obtained by synthesis, or isolated from natural products through chemical processes, chemically identical to the substance present in a natural product and intended for human consumption either processed or not eg, citral obtained by chemical synthesis or from oil of lemongrass through a bisulfite addition compound. [Pg.19]

Data from Oil and Gas Journal Data in parentheses are from World Oil ... [Pg.6]

K. R. Kaufman, in E. D. Shult2 and R. P. Morgan, eds.. Fuels and Chemicals from Oil Seeds Technology andPoliy Options, Westview Press, Boulder, Colo., 1982, pp. 143-174. [Pg.48]

Shale Oil. In the United States, shale oil, or oil derivable from oil shale, represents the largest potential source of Hquid hydrocarbons that can be readily processed to fuel Hquids similar to those derived from natural petroleum. Some countries produce Hquid fuels from oil shale. There is no such industry in the United States although more than 50 companies were producing oil from coal and shale in the United States in 1860 (152,153), and after the oil embargo of 1973 several companies reactivated shale-oil process development programs (154,155). Petroleum supply and price stabiHty has since severely curtailed shale oil development. In addition, complex environmental issues (156) further prohibit demonstration of commercial designs. [Pg.96]

The brine clean-up consists of skimming and settling steps to free the solution from oil, clays, and other impurities. Sulfuric acid is then added until a pH of <2.5 is reached ensuring iodine Hberation by oxidation, precipitation of the soluble barium contained in the brine, and recovery of the remaining iodine. [Pg.363]

Among nonmetallic materials, glass, chemical stoneware, enameled steel, acid-proof brick, carbon, graphite, and wood are resistant to iodine and its solutions under suitable conditions, but carbon and graphite may be subject to attack. Polytetrafluoroethylene withstands Hquid iodine and its vapor up to 200°C although it discolors. Cloth fabrics made of Saran, a vinyHdene chloride polymer, have lasted for several years when used in the filtration of iodine recovered from oil-weU brines (64). [Pg.364]

The acid content of cmde petroleum varies from 0—3%, with cmdes from California, Venezuela, Russia, and Romania having the highest content. Smaller amounts are found ia U.S. Gulf Coast cmdes, whereas Httie or no naphthenic acids are found ia Pennsylvania, Iraq, or Saudi Arabia cmdes. Typical concentrations are shown ia Table 2. Minor amounts of naphthenic acids are also found ia bituminous oil sands, but these are not economically recoverable. Identification of naphthenic acids ia water from oil-beating strata is being examined as a potential method of petroleum exploration (18). [Pg.510]


See other pages where From oil is mentioned: [Pg.71]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.350]    [Pg.419]    [Pg.340]    [Pg.734]    [Pg.2582]    [Pg.357]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.1019]    [Pg.1019]    [Pg.47]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.425]    [Pg.434]    [Pg.493]    [Pg.537]    [Pg.578]    [Pg.807]    [Pg.946]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.136]    [Pg.136]    [Pg.441]    [Pg.194]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.278]    [Pg.162]    [Pg.194]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.73 , Pg.75 ]




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Acetic acid from petroleum oils

Acetone from petroleum oils

Adipic Acid from KA Oil

Analytes Derived from Oils and Fats

Anethol from Pine Oil

Application in Heavy Metal Elimination from Crude Oil

Artemisia annua essential oils from

Baccharis cordobensis essential oil from

Baccharis crispa essential oil from

Baccharis salicifolia essential oil from

Baccharis salicifolia oils from

Baccharis species essential oils from

Baccharis uncinella essential oil from

Bio-oils from lignocellulose

Biodiesel from coconut oil

Biodiesel from other oils

Biodiesel from vegetable oils

Biodiesel production from vegetable oils

Biofuels from vegetable oils

Cancer from oils

Carbohydrates from vegetable oils

Carp oil DHA from

Carvone from spearmint oil

Chemicals from coal-derived synthetic crude oils

Citral from lemon grass oil

Cleaning All Dirt, Oils, and Greases from the Surface

Co-products from oil refining

Coal oils from

Crude oil products from

Cymbopogon citratus essential oils from

Cymbopogon nardus essential oils from

Dementholized oils, menthone from

Determination of residual binder and oil distillate from bitumen emulsions by distillation

Edible oils from herbaceous crops

Emissions from fuel oil

Essential oil plants from

Essential oil plants from activity

Essential oils citronellal from

Essential oils from Hedychium flavum

Essential oils from vegetables

Essential oils indigenous, from

Essential oils, phenols from

Ester Derived from Vegetable Oils

Ethanol from petroleum oils

Extractable volatile oils, from pine tree

Extraction of Essential Oils from Caraway, Cinnamon, Cloves, Cumin, Fennel, or Star Anise by Steam Distillation

FATTY ACIDS FROM TALL OIL

Fatty acids from castor oil

Fatty acids from coconut oil

Fatty acids, from natural oils

Fatty acids, from natural oils hexabromide test for

Fatty acids, from natural oils unsaturated

Fish oils paints from

Flowers, essential oils from

Fmit seeds, oils from

From Vegetable Oil to Green Diesel

From fish oils

From sandalwood oil

From sandalwood oil synthesis

From vegetable oil

Gasoline from crude oil

Germ oils from different sources

Herb oils, thymol from

Herbs, oils from

How are essential oils for aromatherapy extracted from plants

Hydrogen Production from Residual Oil Using Steam-Iron System

Hypericum perforatum volatile oil from

Illinois fuel oils from

Industrial oils, from plants

Laurate oils, from plants

Lead pollution from waste oil disposal

Lubricating Base Oils from Fischer-Tropsch Wax and Waste Plastic

Marine oils, essential fatty acids from

Menthol from peppermint oil

Metathesis Reactions as Tools for the Synthesis of Monomers and Polymers Derived from Vegetable Oils

Methanol from petroleum oils

Methyl acetate from petroleum oils

Microorganisms oils from

Mineral oils extraction from rock

Modeling of Bitumen Oxidation and Cracking Kinetics Using Data from Alberta Oil Sands

Monoterpene hydrocarbons from citrus essential oils

Mustard oils, formed from

New Flavor Compounds from Orange Essence Oil

Nuclear Contamination and Environmental Damage from Oil Spills in Polar Regions of FSU

Oil extraction from

Oil from coal hydrogenation

Oil from petroleum

Oil, extraction from plants

Oils derived from genetically modified plants

Oils from cocoa beans

Oils from herbs, spices, and fruit seeds

Oils from microalgae

Oils from under-utilised palm and forest products

Oils, essentials, derived from aromatic

Oils, from wood

Oleic Acid from Olive Oil

Olive oil hydrocarbons from

Olive oil phenols from

Olive oil sterols from

Olive oil tocopherols from

Olive oil triterpenes from

Organic chemicals from oil and natural gas

PYROLYSIS OILS FROM BIOMASS

Peanuts oil from

Petitgrain oil from twigs

Petroleum, heavy oils from

Physicochemical purification of effluents from preliminary oil separators

Plastics production from vegetable oils

Polyamides from plant oils

Polyesters from plant oils

Polymers from Unsaturated Natural Oils

Polymers from vegetable oils

Polymers production from vegetable oils

Product Polymers from Plant Oils

Production of Premium Oil Products from Waste Plastic by Pyrolysis and Hydroprocessing

Production of olefins from crude oil

Products Manufactured from Silicone Oils

Radicals from oxidized edible oils

Recovery of Oil from Soybeans

Salvia officinalis essential oils from

Sesame oil from

Soybeans oil from

Soybeans, oil extraction from

Spices oils from

Staged Leaching Oil Extraction from Seeds

Steam Distillation Isolation of Citral from Lemon Grass Oil

Steam Distillation of Citral from Lemon Grass Oil

Substances from oil

Sulfur removal from oils

Sunflower oil from

Surfactant from crude oils

Tea Tree Oils from Australia and New Zealand

Thermoset Polymers from Plant Oils

Thiol-ene Reaction as a Tool for the Synthesis of Monomers and Polymers Derived from Vegetable Oils

Thiol-yne Reaction as a Tool for the Synthesis of Monomers and Polymers Derived from Vegetable Oils

Thujia orientalis essential oil from

Thymus vulgaris essential oils from

Vegetable oils carbon deposits from

Vegetable oils distinguishing from animal fats

Vegetable oils from biomass

Waste continued oils from

Weight Polymers from Plant Oils

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