Gasoline from crude oil

A great deal of industrial pollution comes from manufacturing products from raw materials—(1) iron from ore, (2) lumber from trees, (3) gasoline from crude oil, and (4) stone from quarries. Each of these manufacturing processes produces a product, along with several waste products which we term pollutants. Occasionally, part or all of the polluting material can be recovered and converted into a usable product. 

As an example, 28% of the world s gasoline owes its existence to an idea to use synthetic zeolites to make more gasoline from crude oil. It has saved consumers billions of dollars a year and it has greatly extended oil reserves. 

A typical process which a chemical engineer might work with is the production of gasoline from crude oil... 

Back in 1901 R. E. Olds sold 425 Oldsmobiles, representing the first commercially successful U.S.-made automobile. By 1910, there were over half a million cars registered, and the appetite for gasoline hasn t faltered since. Petroleum refiners, who up until then were primarily interested in kerosene and lubricants, saw a problem coming. The yield of gasoline from crude oil in 1910 was only about 13%, and was obtained by simple distillation (2). 

Gasoline can also be produced by processing feedstock such as coal, oil sands and oil shale, natural gas, or even biofuels. These processes are far more expensive than producing gasoline from crude oil. They are usually undertaken only in special circumstances, such as periods of abundance of alternative feedstock and lack of crude oil, during wars, or as the result of a political commitment to alternative fuels. 

To satisfy this demand, methods of increasing the yield of gasoline from crude oil were developed. Thermal cracking of other distillation fractions was invented separately by Vladimir Shukhov in Russia in 1891 and by William Merriam Burton in the United States in 1913. Thermal cracking doubled the yield of gasoline in the United States. 

Gasoline from Synthetic Fuels. Gasoline can be produced from oil shale, coal, biomass, or natural gas. These processes are invariably more expensive than processing and producing gasoline from crude oil. They are employed in specific locations such as in South Africa from coal and in Canada and Venezuela from huge oil sand deposits. 

Raymond, Martin, and William Leffler. Oil and Gas Production in Nontechnical Language. Tulsa, Okla. Penn Well, 2005. Accessible introduction to the process of producing gasoline from crude oil. Covers all major aspects. Light-hearted but very informative style. 

Remove gasoline from crude oil in a batch still so that gasoline will not enter the... 

Mixed-phase Cracking. Most of the widely known processes are classed as mixed-phase processes. The name liquid phase, which is often used, is a misnomer, because in most processes some vapor generation occurs. The purpose is the production of antiknock gasoline and a greater total yield of gasoline from crude oil. 

Today, distillation is a key to production of most commodity chemicals. It is used to make gasoline from crude oil. It is basic to the four most important separations of organics aliphatic from aromatic hydrocarbons, linear from branched hydrocarbons, olefins from alkanes, and alcohols from water. One essay on choosing separation processes starts with the question Why not distillation After then discussing over fifty other processes, it repeats, Are you sure you do not want to use distillation ... 

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