Cottonseed meal

Since feeds contain other substances than those required by the animals of interest, studies have also been conducted on antinutritional factors in feedstuffs and on the use of additives. Certain feed ingredients contain chemicals that retard growth or may actually be toxic. Examples are gossypol in cottonseed meal and trypsin inhibitor in soybean meal. Restriction on the amount of the feedstuffs used is one way to avoid problems. In some cases, as is tme of trypsin inhibitor, proper processing can destroy the antinutritional factor. In this case, heating of soybean meal is effective. 

Soybean meal is the most frequently used source of supplemental protein in the United States (5). Cottonseed meal is another important protein supplement. Both meals are by-products from oil extraction of the seeds. Canola meal is derived from rapeseed low in emcic acid [112-86-7] and glucosinolates. Linseed (derived from flax seed), peanut, sunflower, safflower, sesame, coconut, and palm kernel meals are other sources of supplemental protein that are by-products of oil extraction (4). 

Meat and bone meal Soybean meal Cottonseed meal... 

Contamination of cottonseed by aflatoxins is a perennial concern. The FDA limits the amount of aflatoxin in cottonseed meal intended for beef catde, swine, and poultry to 300 ppb and for dairy catde the limit is 20 ppb. 

Corn starch, g/l CaCOs, g/l (NH4)jS04, g/l NH4CI, g/l FeS04 7H20, mg/l IVInS04 4H20, mg/l ZnS04-7H2 0, mg/l CoCIj OHjO, mg/l Corn steep liquor, g/l Cottonseed meal, g/l Lard oil, % v/v... 

The yield was highest with starch or dextrin, intermediate and about the same with sucrose, glucose, maltose and lactose and poorest with glycerol. Kanamycin was produced by media containing soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract or meat extract, with or without sodium nitrate. Commercially available soybean meal was recognized to be one of the best nitrogen sources. The addition of corn steep liquor, peptone, yeast extract or nitrate to the soybean meal promoted the production of kanamycin. 

Nitrogen sources include proteins, such as casein, zein, lactalbumin protein hydrolyzates such proteoses, peptones, peptides, and commercially available materials, such as N-Z Amine which is understood to be a casein hydrolyzate also corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gluten, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat extracts, stick liquor, liver cake, yeast extracts and distillers solubles amino acids, urea, ammonium and nitrate salts. Such inorganic elements as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and combinations of these anions and cations in the form of mineral salts may be advantageously used in the fermentation. 

DETAILS - Aflatoxins are the poisonous product of a group of polynuclear molds that grow on peanuts, com and in cottonseed meal. They are responsible for the Turkey X" disease which occasionally devastates the poultry industry. The presence of the mold doesn t always indicate presence of the toxin. Toxin production is dependent on various factors such as moisture and temperature. There are two basic types of aflatoxins, both of which are fluorescent under UV (black) light. Once the mold has been identified, the UVI ight is an excellent way to check for toxin production. Aflatoxin B glows blue, while Aflatoxm G glows... 

For the studies presented in this chapter, samples of peanut and cottonseed meal suspensions were evaluated for foam capacity, stability, and viscosity measurements as described by Cherry and coworkers (23, 24, 22). Vegetable protein suspensions at the appropriate concentration and pH were whipped in a Waring-type blender. After blending, the whipped products were transferred to a graduated cyclinder. Milliliters of foam were recorded immediately and at various time intervals to determine capacity and stability. A Brookfield viscometer and... 

Fontaine et al. (31) presented data comparing the solubility behavior of proteins of peanut and cottonseed meals, proteins of corresponding dialyzed meals, and isolated proteins. While the shapes of the pH/solubility curves for cottonseed and peanut meals differed, the response of proteins to the removal of dialyzable meal constituents was similar. Data indicated the presence of natural materials in both meals which decreased the solubility of meal nitrogen at certain acid pH values but exerted no effect at alkaline pH values. Thus procedures for solubilizing proteins by treatment with proteolytic enzymes should also be designed with consideration of the influence of non-protein constituents. 

Feed ration Forage based on cut and carry grass is often poor quality from communal areas such as river beds and road sides, and residues from cash crops or human food crops (e.g. maize stover, rice straw and banana pseudostem). Concentrates are based on local (national) residues like maize bran and cottonseed meal. 

Rice bran, wheat shorts, and dehydrated alfalfa 150 to 250 mg Range feed 100 to 200 mg Cottonseed meal 75 to 150 mg Edible soy protein 50 to 150 mg... 

More than 20 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid is needed for samples high in fat or oil, because more acid is required to effect complete digestion, avoid loss in nitrogen, and prevent caking. In recent collaborative studies involving the application of this method to cottonseed meal, it was observed that when 30 ml of H2SO4 were used, caking was reduced and results were comparable to the mercuric oxide catalyzed method. 

Dairy animals and others ingredients excluding cottonseed meal Animal feeds and 0.02... 

Commodities Whole cottonseed, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, peanut cakes Whole cottonseed, com... 

Cottonseed is important in world oilseed production, major producing countries being the USA, China, India, Pakistan, Latin America and Europe, ft is the second most important protein feedstuff in the USA, produced mainly by solvent extraction. Most of the cottonseed meal is used in ruminant diets, but it can be used in poultry diets when its limitations are taken into account in feed formulation (Ravindran and Blair, 1992). 

The CP content of cottonseed meal may vary from 360 to 410g/kg, depending on the contents of hulls and residual oil. AA content and digestibility of cottonseed meal are lower than in soybean meal. Although fairly high in protein, cottonseed meal is low in lysine and tryptophan. The fibre content is higher in cottonseed meal than in soybean meal, and its ME value is inversely related to the fibre content. Cottonseed meal is a poorer source of minerals than soybean meal. The content of carotene is low in cottonseed meal, but this meal compares favourably with soybean meal in water-soluble vitamin content, except biotin, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine. 

Limited data are available on the inclusion of expeller cottonseed meal in diets, most of the current data referring to solvent-extracted meal, processed using expanders. 

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