Mentha arvensis

Artificial materials include aUphatic, aromatic, and terpene compounds that are made synthetically as opposed to those isolated from natural sources. As an example, ben2aldehyde may be made synthetically or obtained from oil of bitter almond (51) and t-menthol may be made synthetically or isolated from oil of Mentha arvensis var. to give Bra2iUan mint oil or com mint oil. 

Menthol Manufacture. Of the menthol isomers, only (-)-menthol [2216-51 -5] and (+)-menthol [15356-70-4] are of commercial importance. The most important natural sources of (—)-menthol are the oUs of Mentha arvensis (75—90%) and Mentha piperita (50—65%). The main suppUers ate Japan, China, BrazU, and Taiwan for the former and the United States, CIS, Bulgaria, and Italy for the latter. (—)-Menthol is known for its refreshing, diffusive odor characteristic of peppermint. It also is known for its strong physiological cooling effect, which is useful in cigarettes, dentifrices, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. 

Natural menthol is obtained by freezing the essential oU, eg, Mentha arvensis and the menthol crystals ate separated by centrifuging the supernatant hquid away from the crystals. The supernatant oU is then caUed dementholized cornmint oU. Impurities in the crystals come from the essential oU and usuaUy give a slight peppermint aroma to the crystallized menthol. The cornmint oU, rich in (—)-menthone (- 28%) and (—)-menthol (- 32%), can be further processed to give additional natural menthol. 

Neuromuscular blocking activity. Decoction of the seed oil, administered orally to adults of both sexes at a dose of 4.6 g/per-son, was active. A mixture of Piper longum, Zingiber officinale, Piper cubeba, Curcuma zedoaria, Juniperus communis, Cichorium intybus, Mentha arvensis. Commiphora mukul, and Sesamum indicum was given. Twenty five patients with laquwa (spastic facial paralysis) were treated with this mixture in divided doses of 4.6 g in 24 hours. Six grams of a decoction of Lavendula stoechas was also given in some cases. Sev-... 

Menthol is the isomer that occurs most widely in nature. It is the main component of peppermint and cornmint oils obtained from the Mentha piperita and Mentha arvensis species. Esterified menthol also occurs in these oils (e.g., as the acetate and iso valerate). Other menthol stereoisomers may be present in these oils as well. 

Menthol from Cornmint Oil. Mentha arvensis oils, which may contain 70-80% free (—)-menthol, are cooled and the crystals separated by centrifugation. Since the crystalline product contains traces of cornmint oil, this menthol has a slightly herbaceous-minty note. Pure (—)-menthol is obtained by recrystallization from solvents with low boiling points. 

Cornmint oil, Japanese mint oil is produced by steam distillation of the flowering herb Mentha arvensis var. piperascens Malinv. The crude oil contains ca. 70% (-)-menthol, which can be isolated by crystallization at low temperature. 

Most menthol is isolated from peppermint oils, especially from crude oil from Mentha arvensis from India. But menthol can also be prepared by chemical synthesis. There are two important commercial processes for the synthesis of menthol. One is based on a renewable resource, /1-pinene from turpentine, and the other on m-cresol from petrochemical origin (Scheme 13.3). 

Mentha arvensis L. M. haplocalyx Briq. China Menthol, menthone, menthyl acetate.33 Stimulate gastrointestinal tract motility and central nervous system, dilate peripheral blood vessels. Increase sweat gland secretion. 

Mentha arvensis L., M. dahurica Fisch. ex Benth., M. haplocalyx Briq., M. sachalinensis (Briq.) Kudo, M. sachalinensis (Briq.) Kudo f. arguta (Kitag.) Y. C. Chu Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamarck Macleaya cordata Psoralea corylifolia L. 

Glechoma hederacea, G. longituba, Luffa aegyptiaca, L. cylindrica, L. faetida, L. petola, Mentha arvensis,... 

Cinnamomum cassia, Cnidium monnieri, Kaempferia galanga, Mentha arvensis, M. haplocalyx Scutellaria baicalensis, S. macrantha, S. lateriflora... 

J. horizontalis, Menispermum palmatum, Mentha arvensis, M. haplocalyx, M. spicata, M. x piperita, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, Tagetes erecta, T. patula Lonicera caerulea, L caprifolium... 

Mentha arvensis, M. haplocalyx, M. spicata, M. x piperita, Schizonepeta tenuifolia... 

Pandey, R. (2000) Additive effect of three organic materials and nematicides on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita and yield of Mentha arvensis. Nematropica 30(2), 155-160. 

Therea renumerous species of mint including peppermint, Mcnf/zapipenta, spearmint, Mentha spicata, and cornmint, Mentha arvensis. Mentha piperita is actually a hybrid species bred from spearmint Mentha spicata and watermint Mentha aquatica. They all contain subspecies and chemotypes. Mints have a long tradition of culinary, fragrance, cosmetic and therapeutic applications. 

Mentha Arvensis Oil, Partially Dementholized, occurs as a colorless to yellow liquid with a characteristic minty odor. It is the portion of oil remaining after the partial removal of menthol, by freezing operations only, from the oil of Mentha arvensis var. piperascens Holmes (forma piperascens Malin-vaud) (Fam. Lamiaceae). It is soluble in most fixed oils, in mineral oil, and in propylene glycol. It is insoluble in glycerin. 

---