Small containers

Cylinders for compressed gases are generally defined in the DOT and TC specifications as containers having a maximum water capacity of 1000 lb (453.6 kg) or less. This is approximately the equivalent of 120 gallons (454.2 L). 

Specifications 3AX, 3AAX, and 3T permit the use of larger cylinders. A popular size for mounting on a vehicle chassis has a water capacity of approximately 5000 lb (2268.0 kg). Cylinders are made in a wide variety of lengths and diameters and range in capacities from the authorized maximum down to a cubic foot or less. Specification 3AX, 3AAX, and 3T cylinders have a minimum water capacity of 1000 lb (453.6 kg) with no specified upper volumetric limit. 

Those cylinders which have relatively broad and squat proportions are generally made for low pressure liquefied gas service  

Cylinders are the type of compressed gas containers most widely authorized for different means of shipment. They are the most generally accepted type of container for air shipment in the case of most gases. (See Fig. 4-2.) 

Cylinders are made from seamless tubing, brazed or welded tubing, billets in the billetpiercing process, or flat sheets drawn to cy- 

There are several ways to determine the potential for corrosion  

Troubleshooting and corrosion prevention are covered in many standard texts [1,2,4-8]. 

A small container is any commercially available package whose capacity is no more than fifty-five gcdlons. It may b e of any of a wide variety of materials of construction. The category includes drums, cans, bags, and fiber cartons, but excludes sample containers and unique or specially manufactured items. Cylinders holding compressed gases are treated in Section 2.6. This section considers both raw material containers as received and product containers for shipment. 

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This should be free from sulphur, and obtained in small containers so that a specimen is rapidly used it should be in dark bottles and stored in the dark. When withdrawing a specimen, the acid should be exposed to the air for as short a time as possible, as both air and light promote its decomposition to iodine. 

Most small Hquid helium containers are unpressurized heat leak slowly bods away the Hquid, and the vapor is vented to the atmosphere. To prevent plugging of the vent lines with solidified air, check valves of some sort are included in the vent system. Containers used for air transportation are equipped with automatic venting valves that maintain a constant absolute pressure with the helium container in order to prevent Hquid flash losses at the lower pressures of flight altitudes and to prevent the inhalation of air as the pressure increases during the aircraft s descent. Improved super insulation has removed the need for Hquid nitrogen shielding from almost all small containers. 

Veiy small containers, such as ampules, and containers holding liquids for use other than storage, such as batteries, which may be disposed directly in a hazardous-waste landfill. 

Acetylene Acetylene is used primarily in operations requiring high flame temperature, such as welding and metal cutting. To transport acetylene, it is dissolved in acetone under pressure and drawn into small containers filled with porous material. 

Figure 18.4 The hanging-drop method of protein crystallization, (a) About 10 pi of a 10 mg/ml protein solution in a buffer with added precipitant—such as ammonium sulfate, at a concentration below that at which it causes the protein to precipitate—is put on a thin glass plate that is sealed upside down on the top of a small container. In the container there is about 1 ml of concentrated precipitant solution. Equilibrium between the drop and the container is slowly reached through vapor diffusion, the precipitant concentration in the drop is increased by loss of water to the reservoir, and once the saturation point is reached the protein slowly comes out of solution. If other conditions such as pH and temperature are right, protein crystals will occur in the drop, (b) Crystals of recombinant enzyme RuBisCo from Anacystis nidulans formed by the hanging-drop method. (Courtesy of Janet Newman, Uppsala, who produced these crystals.)...

Use road or rail tanker for bulk transfer if small containers are used, they should be of correct design (free space, pressure, corrosion)... 

Minimize stocks and segregate from other chemicals and work areas. Where appropriate, keep samples dilute or damp and avoid formation of large crystals when practicable. Add stabilizers if possible, e.g. to vinyl monomers. Store in specially-designed, well-labelled containers in No Smoking areas, preferably in several small containers rather than one large container. Where relevant, store in dark and under chilled conditions, except where this causes pure material to separate from stabilizer (e.g. acrylic acid). 

Material should be purchased in several small containers rather than one large container and always stored in original containers. Integrity of the labels should be checked. 

In small containers, e.g. carboy handling, cylinder unloading Despatch of materials... 

The scope includes carnage of dangerous substances by wagons, large containers, small containers and tanks. Cover the documentation requirements, the mode of transport, the information needs, loadmg/unloadmg, security, safety... 

Gases, liquids, and solids have different physical properties. A gas fills its container, so that if a certain amonnt of gas is transferred from a small container into a large one, the gas will expand to fill the new container. If there is a hole m the top of a container filled with gas, the gas will escape. A liquid keeps the same volume when transferred from one container to another, but takes the shape of the new container. On Earth, a liquid has a flat, horizontal surface. If there is a hole in its container below that surface, the liquid will spill out. A solid keeps both its shape and its volume when transferred from one container to another. 

Great care must be exercised when using graduated cylinders because decreases in the diameter of small containers can produce a wall effect, which often affects the settling rate or ultimate sedimentation volume of flocculated suspensions. Such small containers have a tendency to hold up the suspensions due to adhesive forces acting between the container s inner surface and the suspended particles. 

Lab packs Laboratories commonly generate small volumes of many different listed hazardous wastes. Rather than manage all these wastes separately, labs often consolidate these small containers into lab packs. Trying to meet the individual treatment standards for every waste contained in a lab pack would be impractical. To ease the compliance burden, U.S. EPA established an ATS for lab packs that allows the whole lab pack to be incinerated, followed by treatment for any metal in the residues. Treatment using this alternative standard satisfies the LDR requirements for all individual wastes in the lab pack. 

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