Soybeans oil from

The Chinese are also counting on petrochemical feedstock to promote synthetic substitutes for the huge quantities of edible oils used industrially (i.e., in the paint industry). Edible oil supply is still deficient in China (China imported 36 million worth of soybean oil from the U.S. in 1979 to help alleviate the shortage), and is rationed. The use of petrochemical derivatives should help boost the per-capita edible oil consumption (less than one-quarter kg/month), and correct some dietary deficiencies. 

ExxonMobil is now licensing this technology to other refineries. Development of similar applications in other operations is likely. Initially, applications will probably involve relatively easy separations such as the separation of methyl ethyl ketone/toluene from lube oil described above or soybean oil from hexane in food oil production. Long-term, however, the technology may become sufficiently advanced to be used in more important refining operations, such as fractionation... 

Hay Aromatic characteristic of dried grass or hay. Crude soybean oil from heat-processed beans diluted 5 95 in fresh oil... 

Table 7 shows the values of physical properties of soybean oil of typical composition. Seitz (31) examined 77 samples of soybean oil from various parts of the... 

The specific heat capacity of soybean oil was measured by Clark et al. (85) and varied from 0.448 cal/g°C to 0.666 cal/g°C between 1°C and 271°C. Specific heat increased linearly with temperature at 0.00070 cal/g°C. Tochitani and Fujimo-to (68) measured the specific heat capacity of soybean oil from about the... 

Seitz (31) measured the viscosity at 20°C of 77 soybean oils from four geographic locations, and the range of variation was 58.1cP to 62.2cP (Table 7). Viscosity decreases with temperature, and the relation is not linear. Kinematic values (viscosity/density) have been reported at 20°C and 80°C by Chioffi (91) and by Miller et al. (73) at frying temperatures (170-190°C) dynamic viscosities have been reported between 0°C and 100°C by Kravchenko et al. (65, 66), between 23.9°C and 110°C by Nourreddini et al. (67), between 20°C and 70°C by Alvarado... 

In the process industries, material balances assist in the planning for process design, in the economic evaluation of proposed and existing processes, in process control, and in process optimization. For example, in the extraction of soybean oil from soybeans, you could calculate the amount of solvent required per ton of soybeans or the time needed to fill up the filter press, and use this information in the design of equipment or in the evaluation of the economics of the process. All sorts of raw materials can be used to produce the same end product, and quite a few different types of processing can achieve the same end result, so that case studies (simulations) of the processes can assist materially in the financial decisions that must be made. 

FIGURE 10.7-2 Log (X/XJ versus lime for the extraction of soybean oil from Haloed soybeans by oil-free hexane. (Reprinted from Food Technology, 36(2), 73-86 ( 962). Copyright 1982 by Institute of Food Technologists,]... 

Table 7.3. Tocopherol Concentrations (ppm) in Crude Soybean Oil from Soybeans Grown in the Midwest...

Generally, the lower the linolenic acid content, the more oxidatively stable the oil. However, Warner and Gupta (2003) found that reducing the linolenic acid level in modified soybean oil from 2-0.8% only slightly improved frying oils and fried-food stability. 

The modification of vegetable oil composition involves, on the one hand, a reduction in the saturated FA concentration. This was achieved by DuPont, which reduced the concentration of these acids in soybean oil from 15% to less than 4% by suppressing the activity of a type 11 acetyl-ACP thioesterase (Kinney, 1996). The other direction of genetic modifications leads to an increase in the concentration of the unsaturated FA in oils. For example, greater unsaturated FA concentrations in canola seed oil (from 68% to 83%) were obtained by suppressing the activity of the... 

Based on the statistical results of Table XXV and Fig. 8, a soybean oil and a LEAR oil (cv. Tower) were modified by adding cocoa butter or pure triolein (Table XXX). Cocoa butter was used to increase the total saturated fatty acids of soybean oil from 16% to 28% and of LEAR oil (cv. Tower) from 7% to 17%. Triolein was added in a proportion equal to that of cocoa butter to assure that the decrease in cardiotoxicity of the oil was not simply due to... 

Jokic et al. [1] extracted soybean oil from soybeans and analysed the oil for the acid content. Statistically significant changes in the acid content were observed as the experiment continued. The palmitic acid content of the earlier fractions were higher than that of the latter fractions while the reverse was true for the higher acids. 

In the simplest case, used with high-quality low-phosphatide oils, for example some lauric acid oils, some tallows and soybean oil from the Alcon process (Kock, 1983), the crude oil is simply bleached with 1.0-1.5% of an activated bleaching earth at 90-110°C for 15-30 minutes and filtered. In an extension of this process the oil is first intimately contacted with phosphoric acid and/or citric acid solutions before the oil is dried and bleached. This process is used on poorer qualities of the above oils and on oils containing up to 50 ppm of phosphorus, for example, palm oil (Young, 1982) and crude degummed rape-... 

In a single-stage leaching of soybean oil from flaked soybeans with hexane,... 

FIGURE 8,1 The process by which a switchable-hydrophilicity solvent can be used to extract soybean oil from soybean flakes without a distillation step. The dashed hues indicate the recycling of the solvent and the aqueous phase. From Jessop et al. (2010) by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry. 

FIGURE 4.12 Foam half-life time of 0.05 wt.% sodium caseinate solutions as function of mean drop diameter of soybean oil. (From Prins, A. Theory and practice of formation and... 

SPME-MS-MVA applications reported to date have used the Varian Saturn ion trap mass spectrometer and 75- J,m Carboxen/PDMS as the SPME fiber (13,14). In one study, for example, SPME-MS-MVA was used to classify various types of food samples according to the level of oxidized off-flavors they contained (14). Mass fragmentation data resulting from the unresolved food volatile components were subjected to MVA. The mass intensities from m/z 50 to m/z 150 were selected to perform MVA. PGA based on SPME-MS-MVA provided rapid differentiation of the following types of samples control soybean oil from oxidized soybean oil that was exposed to fluorescent light for various time periods control nondairy coffee creamer from complaint ( oxidized ) nondairy coffee creamer samples fresh boiled beef from boiled beef with various levels of warmed-over flavor (WOE) and control 2% reduced-fat milk samples from 2% reduced-fat milk samples abused by light or copper exposure. 

Abraham, M H Whiting, G.S. (1992). Hydrogen-bonding. Part 22. Characterization of soybean oil and prediction of activity coefficients in soybean oil from inverse gas chromatographic data. /. Am. OH Chem. Soc., 69,1236-1238. 

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