Oils, from wood

The pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) from wood is typically a liquid, almost black through dark red brown. The derrsity of the liqirid is about 1200 kg/m, which is higher than that of fuel oil and significantly higher than that of the original biomass. The bio-oils have water contents of typically 14-33 wt.%, which cannot be removed by... 

Statfjord atmospheric resid (1). Atmospheric resid (2). SRC II (3). Prahoe shale oil (4). Directly liquefied oil from wood chips using the PERC process (5). Molar ratio adjusted assuming that ammonia, water and hydrogen sulfide are formed by the heteroatoms. 

Appell, H. R., The Production of Oil from Wood Waste, in Fuels from Waste, Academic Press, New York, 1977. 

Lindblad A (1931) Preparation of oils from wood by hydrogenation Ing Vetenskaps Akad Handl 107 7-59... 

Examples of such developments are sulfation of transesterified rapeseed oil phosphatides (17) and the use of bicontinuous microemulsions obtained by the addition of aliphatic alcohols (18, 19). The stability of these systems promises to be more reliable than those in present use. Oils from wood (tall oil) can be sulfo-nated for self-emulsifying fatliquors (20). Polymerizable oils have been used in fatliquors (21). We expect more progress on the use of high polymers, such as the already commercial alkyl acrylate esters developed by Hodder et al. (22-24), and material based on elastomers (6). We anticipate the development of novel systems to be encouraged by the demand for leather in washable garments and automobile upholstery. 

In this study, the use of pyrolysis oil from wood was tested as an alternative wood preservative. In the initial laboratory evaluation, the toxic effects of the oil against wood destroying basidiomycetes were determined. The fungus Lentus lepideus was included as an especially resistant organism to (ar oils. 

Oil of Cedarwood Oil from wood Juniperus Virginians North America... 

Liquid fuels producible by thermal conversion of biomass include fuel oil, pyrolysis oils, methanol (discussed under chemicals production), and others. This section discusses the production of fuel oils and pyrolysis oils from wood. 

Oil of Cedar Wood. Volatile oil from wood of J uni perns virginiana L., Cupressaceae, and other species of cedar- Constit. Chiefly cedrene (a terpene), and cedral (cedar camphor). 

Oil Of Juniper Wood. Steam-distilled oil from wood or branches of Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae, It is not Juniper tar. 

Renaud, M. Grandmaison, J.L. Roy, C. Kaliaguine, S. "Low pressure upgrading vacuum pyrolysis oils from wood." In This Volume. 

However, few details of the chemical nature of the pyrolytic oils produced from wood or other biomass have been reported. Some recent studies of the composition of pyrolysis oils obtained from poplar wood were carried out by workers of the Pacific Northwest Laboratories of Battelle Institute [7] and the Universite de Sherbrooke [8]. Methods of quantitative determination of functional groups in the pyrolytic oils from wood were tested in our laboratory by Nicolaides [9]. However, more detailed characterisation exists in the literature for the products of the thermal degradation of cellulose [10,11,12,13,14]. 

The P.D.U. was tested for the production of high yields of oils from wood chips. One objective was to separate the bulk of the aqueous phase from the organic liquid phase by means of... 

Low-Pressure Upgrading of Vacuum-Pyrolysis Oils from Wood... 

S. Kaliaguine, "Upgrading pyrol>d ic oils from wood and other biomasses". Energy Project Office, NRCC, Otta va, 1981. 

Carene (3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene) is a component of the oil of turpentine from the tropieal pine Firms longifolia, also occurring in some species of fir Abies), juniper Juniperus) and Citrus. The ethereal oil from wood pine trees Firms silvestris contains the enantiomer (-)-3-carene. Carboxylic acids derived from carane and carene sueh as (+)-chaminic acid are found in Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Cupressaeeae). 

Definition Volatile oil from wood of Juniperus oxycedrus L. chief constituent is cadinene, a sesquiterpene... 

Fujimoto, T. and K. Suehiro, 1992. Antimicrobial wax compositions containing essential oils from wood. IP Patent 04328182 A 19921117. 

Oasmaa A, SolantaustaY.ArpiainenV, Kuoppala E, Sipila K. Fast pyrolysis oils from wood and agricultural residues. Energy Fuels 2010 24 1380-8. 

Low Btu Gas and Oil There has been considerable research activity to produce low Btu gas and oil from wood for energy. The Georgia Institute of Technology and the Tech-Air Corporation have intensively studied pyrolysis of biomass materials and have built several pilot plants. Their pyrolytic process (GT/T-A) has been applied to forestry residues. Their plant differs from the older wood-distillation plants, such as the Badger-Staffbrd retorts used in the 1930s, in several respects, such as the use of smaller-sized equipment to process 7 dry tons/hr compared to 3 to 4 tons/hr, the use of wood dried to 7% moisture... 

Gagnon J, Kaliaguine S. 1988. Catalytic hydrotreatment of vacuum pyrolysis oils from wood. Industrial Engineering and Chemical Research 27 1783-1788. 

Renaud M, Giandmaison JL, Roy C, Ktiliaguine S. 1988. Low pressure upgrading of vacuum-pyrolysis oils from wood. In Soltes EJ, Milne TA (editors). Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass. American Chemictil Society Symposium Series 376. American Chemictil Society. 

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