Carbohydrates from vegetable oils

Microbial riboflavin (vitamin B2) production processes converting commodity fermentation substrates like monomeric or oligomeric carbohydrates or vegetable oils to riboflavin are the focus of the present review. The current developmental status of the riboflavin production strains derived from metabolic pathway engineering... 

The biorefinery scheme was developed initially for carbohydrate-containing feedstocks. Large biorefineries are currently operating in the USA (e.g., Cargill at Blair, Nebraska) and in Europe (e.g., Roquette Frs. at Lestrem, France). The concept can be extended to produce chemicals from other renewable feedstocks. An integrated production of oleochemicals and biofuels can be achieved in biorefineries using vegetables oils as main feedstock to produce versatile platform mole-... 

Compared to refined vegetable oils, the compositions of crude vegetable oils and oil and fat products are more complicated. These samples contain proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals that interfere with HPLC separation and reduce the lifetime of the HPLC column. These compounds need to be largely eliminated from the extract before HPLC analysis. Saponification and heating are used to weaken sample matrices to allow the solvent to fully access all tocopherols and tocotrienols of the sample. Liquid/liquid extraction is used to remove these polar compounds from the organic solvent layer that contains tocopherols and tocotrienols. The normal-phase HPLC method is usually used for crude vegetable oils and vegetable oil products reversed-phase HPLC can be used for animal fat products. 

Primary metabolites are produced in larger quantities than the secondary metabolites and have specific metabolic functions. Primary metabolites obtained from higher plants are used as foods, food additives, and industrial raw materials, such as carbohydrates, vegetable oils, protein, and fatty acids. They are generally high-volume, low-value bulk materials. 

The results of comparative study of sorption properties of carbomineral sorbents (initial and modified form) on the purification of technological solution are demonstrated on Fig. 1-2. It is seen that carboncontaining sorbents provide efficient purification of iquid hydrocarbons and diesel oil from toxic impurities - chlorophyll and carotene. The absence of toxic impurities in liquid carbohydrate - vegetable oil (firom rape) provides, as it was stated by us experimentally, its high heating capacity as a component of biodiesel fuel. As... 

The USPNF 23 describes lecithin as a complex mixture of acetone-insoluble phosphatides that consists chiefly of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylser-ine, and phosphatidylinositol, combined with various amounts of other substances such as triglycerides, fatty acids, and carbohydrates as separated from a crude vegetable oil source. 

In unpublished attempts to investigate the ability of animals to utilize Schardinger dextrins, B. H. Thomas and D. French fed rats a diet in which a part of the carbohydrate was supplied by highly purified /3-dextrin. The animals refused to eat the test diet except in very small quantities and within a week all animals on the ration were dead. Postmortem examination did not reveal the cause of death. In unpublished work from General Foods, Inc., Dr. R. R. Baldwin reports that with rats stomach-fed a suspension of /3-dextrin in vegetable oil, similar though erratic results were found. 

Human diet requires proteins (milk, eggs, fish, and some vegetables), carbohydrates (plants), fats (oils) from both plants and animals, minerals from milk and meats, salt (chloride), vitamins from green vegetables and citrus fruits, and water. Micronutrients are furnished by seafood, cereals, vegetables, and fruit. 

Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association. (SOCMA). Manufacturers of synthetic organic chemicals that are products manufactured from coal, natural gas, crude petroleum and certain natural substances such as vegetable oils, fats protein, carbohydrates, rosin, grain, and their derivatives. The address is 1850 M St N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036. Website http //www.socma.com. 

In plants, fats are formed from carbohydrates. Thus, when seeds such as sunflower or soybean ripen, their starch content decreases as the fat content increases. The proportion of FA in fat varies from plant to plant, and is also quite variable within a species. Fats from vegetable seeds are among the principal sources of essential FA (EFA), especially of linoleic acid (LA).Vegetable oils obtained from com, soybean, and sunflower seed contain less than 15% saturated FA and more than 55% polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). However, not aU vegetable oils contain such large amounts of PUFA for example, the fat contained in olive oil and coconut is less than 10% PUFA (Table 10.1). 

An oil-in-water emulsion was prepared from coffee aroma incorporated in coffee/vegetable oil (5%-20% w), and water-soluble coffee solids forming the aqueous continuous phase (50%-75% TS). Individual drops of emulsion (nozzle/Nj, 0.4-1 mm core of coffee oil) were sprayed on soluble coffee powder (fluid bed, pan coater), with little water content modification of powder (<4%w). The capsules were attached to the coffee powder surface (0.1%-1% w aroma), that were able to release the aroma only by dissolution in the hot water cup. The film-forming agent may be other supports such as maltodextrin, acacia gum, carbohydrates, tea, or cocoa solids, vegetables. And other flavors may be used, for example, for instant soups. 

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