Tincture

Iodine as such finds few uses but a solution in alcohol and water, also containing potassium iodide ( tincture of iodine was commonly used as an antiseptic for cuts and wounds, but had rather an irritant action. Iodoform (triiodomethane), CHI3, is also an antiseptic, but newer compounds of iodine are now in use. Silver iodide, like silver bromide, is extensively used in the photographic industry. 

Tin-cobalt alloys Tin compounds Tin-copper alloys Tin crystals Tincture Tinctures... 

Another group of natural flavoring ingredients comprises those obtained by extraction from certain plant products such as vanilla beans, Hcotice root, St. John s bread, orange and lemon peel, coffee, tea, kola nuts, catechu, cherry, elm bark, cocoa nibs, and gentian root. These products are used in the form of alcohohc infusions or tinctures, as concentrations in alcohol, or alcohol—water extractions termed fluid or soHd extracts. Official methods for their preparation and specifications for all products used in pharmaceuticals are described (54,55). There are many flavor extracts for food use for which no official standards exist the properties of these are solely based on suitabiUty for commercial appHcations (56). 

Many spices are processed (2) to produce essential oils, oleoresins, essences, tinctures, extracts, resinoids, etc. These processes separate nonflavor components and further concentrate the aromatic or pungent principles of the spices. Such products allow a wider variety of uses and appHcations of the vital spice components. 

A large portion of beans go to make extracts and tinctures, which are then used for ice cream, bakery goods, Hqueurs, and many other items. 

Bot nic l nd Animal Extracts. Tinctures and fluid and soHd extracts of items such as vanilla, coffee, cocoa, and Hcorice are produced by treating the raw materials with a solvent. Vanilla is by far the most widely used extract and is often found in chocolate products, baked goods, beverages, and frozen desserts (49,52). 

Iodine can affect the body if inhaled, if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin, or if it is swallowed. It may enter the body through the skin. Iodine vapor is a severe irritant of the eyes, respiratory tract, and to a lesser extent, to the skin. Swallowing iodine may cause burning in the mouth, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Short contact of iodine with the skin may produce a severe irritation of the skin and coloration similar to that obtained when tincture of iodine is appHed to a wound. Prolonged contact can be harmful and may cause bums. 

Infusion. Infusion botanical extracts are tinctures that have been concentrated by either total or partial removal of the alcohol by distillation. 

Tincture. This is prepared by aqueous alcohoHc extraction of the raw plant material. Since the extract is not further concentrated, the plant extract is not exposed to heat. 

Since muscone (101), by itself, does not reproduce the total odor impression of this musk, IFF chemists (56) as early as 1971 in an analysis of tincture of Tonquin musk, reported a series of macrocycHc ketones (Table 16) which play a key role in creating the characteristic odor of this musk (11). The introduction of a double bond into a macrocycHc ketone (eg, 102) changes the odor from flowery musk to animal musk. 

Concretes. Concretes are produced by extraction of flowers, leaves, or roots, usually with hydrocarbon solvents. After removal of the solvent by distillation, the concrete is obtained as a thick, waxy residue. Such materials are used in some fine fragrances, but the waxes they contain can give rise to solubihty problems. Eor this reason, concretes are often dissolved in alcohol to make tinctures, or in other low odor diluents. Production of concretes, especially flower concretes, usually takes place where the botanicals are grown since the odors of such materials deteriorate rapidly after harvesting. 

In addition to large-scale process work, there is also some effort expended in providing synthetic methods for producing small amounts (<100 kg/yr) of materials needed for replacement of naturals that are being discontinued or in short supply. Examples are ambrinol (59) and dihydro-y-ionone (60) for the replacement of ambergris. More recendy, tincture of tonquin musk has been replaced by using, among other materials, mixtures of macrocyclic ketones and alcohols which have been found in the natural substance. 

Liquid Dosage Forms. Simple aqueous solutions, symps, elixirs, and tinctures are prepared by dissolution of solutes in the appropriate solvent systems. Adjunct formulation ingredients include certified dyes, flavors, sweeteners, and antimicrobial preservatives. These solutions are filtered under pressure, often using selected filtering aid materials. The products are stored in large tanks, ready for filling into containers. QuaUty control analysis is then performed. 

Dosage forms of naturally occurring materials having therapeutic activity are prepared by extractive processes, especially percolation and maceration. Examples of such dosage forms have included certain tinctures, symps, fluid extracts, and powdered extracts. 

Medical Usage. Isopropyl alcohol is also used as an antiseptic and disinfectant for home, hospital, and industry (see Disinfectants and antiseptics). It is about twice as effective as ethyl alcohol in these appHcations (153,154). Rubbing alcohol, a popular 70 vol % isopropyl alcohol-in-water mixture, exemplifies the medicinal use of isopropyl alcohol. Other examples include 30 vol % isopropyl alcohol solutions for medicinal liniments, tinctures of green soap, scalp tonics, and tincture of mercurophen. It is contained in pharmaceuticals, eg, local anesthetics, tincture of iodine, and bathing solutions for surgical sutures and dressings. Over 200 uses of isopropyl alcohol have been tabulated (2). 

Disinfection destroys pathogenic organisms. This procedure can render an object safe for use. Disinfectants include solutions of hypochlorites, tinctures of iodine or iodophores, phenoHc derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide (see Disinfectants AND antiseptics). Effective use of disinfected materials must be judged by properly trained personnel. 

Iodine. Iodine has been important for many years, primarily as an antiseptic (see Iodine and iodine compounds). In the American Civil War physicians used it to treat battie wounds. Elemental iodine is not very soluble in water, but dissolves readily when sodium iodide is added, forming triiodide + I I Iodine may thus be used as an aqueous solution but it has generally been used as a tincture of 2% iodine in 70% alcohol. Tests on... 

Tincture of iodine and aqueous iodine are not as popular as they used to be because they stain skin and clothes a brown color and also because of their toxicity. These problems have been considerably reduced, but not completely resolved, in the production of iodophors. 

The thermo- and chemolabilc genuine valepotriates arc not present in the usual therapeutically used formulations (infusion, extract, fluid extract, tincture),... 

Internally as expressed juice, tincture, extracts, and other galenical preparations. 

If the necessary iodine input is insufficient the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to gamer more iodine addition of 0.01% Nal to table salt (iodized salt) prevents this condition. Tincture of iodine is a useful antiseptic. 

The product may be dissolved in alcohol, and on addition of a small quantity of ammonia or sal-ammoniac will exhibit all the essential properties of a tincture of musk. 

Aaszug, in. extract essence, tincture, infusion, decoction (according to circumstances) extraction extension removal, exodus drawer abstract bill, note (Mt ilinfl) superfine flour, -mehl, n. superfine flour, tvffientisch, a. authentic. 

China-tinktur, /. tincture of cinchona, -toxin, n. cinchona toxin, -wein, m. quinine wine, -wurzel, /. chinaroot. 

Indisch-gelb, n. Indian yellow, -hanftinktur,/. tincture of Indian hemp, -rot, n. Indian red. 

Jod-saure, /, iodic acid, -schwefel, m. sulfur iodide, -serum, n. iodized serum, -silber, n. silver iodide, -silizium, n. silicon iodide. -stSrke, /. starch iodide, iodized starch. -stSrkepapier, n. starch iodide paper, -stick-stoff, m. nitrogen iodide, -thymol, n.iPhaTm.) thymol iodide, -tinktur,/. tincture of iodine, -toluol, n. iodotoluene. -iibertrilger, m. iodine carrier. 

Kino, n. motion pictures, cinema motion-picture theater kino, -gerbsaure, /. kino-tannic acid, -maschtne, /. motion-picture machine, -tinktur, /. tincture of kino. 

---