Tinctures liquid dosage form

Liquid Dosage Forms. Simple aqueous solutions, symps, elixirs, and tinctures are prepared by dissolution of solutes in the appropriate solvent systems. Adjunct formulation ingredients include certified dyes, flavors, sweeteners, and antimicrobial preservatives. These solutions are filtered under pressure, often using selected filtering aid materials. The products are stored in large tanks, ready for filling into containers. QuaUty control analysis is then performed. 

Numerous reports concerning the stability of neomycin in various dosage forms have been published. Simone and Popino298 studied the stability of neomycin in liquid dosage forms such as nasal drops, mouth washes and tinctures. The antibiotic was stable in all the formulations tested, except Dobells solution (a mouth wash), for at least 6 months at 20°C. Some formulations were stable for considerably longer. 

Solutions. For oral solutions, elixirs, syrups, tinctures, or other solubilized forms, in vivo BA and/or BE can be waived [21 CFR 320.22(b) (3) (i)]. Generally, in vivo BE studies are waived for solutions on the assumptions that release of the drug substance from the drug product is self-evident and that the solutions do not contain any excipient that significantly affects drug absorption [21 CFR 320.22(b)(3) (iii) ]. However, there are certain excipients, such as sorbitol or mannitol, that can reduce the BA of drugs with low intestinal permeability in amounts sometimes used in oral liquid dosage forms. 

Liquid dosage forms often can be directly asayed or simply diluted with water or mobile phase prior to testing. Benzethonium chloride tincture, prilocaine hydrochloride [3, pp. 173 and 1287], and numerous biological products such as OncoScint CR/OV (a monoclonal antibody DTPA conjugate) are examples. 

Hydroalcoholic extracts are made when the active constituents are insoluble in water or when a concentrated dosage form is desired. Hydro alcoholic extracts use concentrated alcohol in varying proportions with water as a solvent. Hydroalcoholic extracts are categorized as tinctures or fluid extracts, depending on the amount of alcohol used. Some patients who simply do not like the taste of alcohol may be counseled to put the dosage of tincture drops into a cup of hot liquid and let it stand for a few minutes to evaporate off most of the alcohol before ingestion. An example of an ethanolic extract is echinacea [5,6]. 

Nonsolids Typical liquid-based oral dosage forms are elixirs, emulsions, extracts, fluid extracts, solutions, gels, syrups, spirits, tinctures, aromatic waters, and suspen-... 

Most commercially available preparations of hypericum in the United States are dried alcoholic extracts in a solid oral dosage form. Other preparations include the dried herb, teas, tinctures or liquid extracts (2). The following is a list of a few of the available formulations ... 

Most industrially manufactured herbal medicinal products are oral dosage forms. Liquid preparations (fluid extracts, tinctures) have advantages as to dose flexibility but an unacceptable taste can be a problem in clinical practice. The latter can be circumvented by using solid oral dosage forms containing a dry extract of the herbal medicine. Tablets and capsules with pulverized herbal active substances are also available commercially. Some herbal medicines have to be taken as loose powders. A tea can be prepared from pulverized herbal medicines, either l(X)se or in teabags, or from an instant herbal tea [4, 5]. 

One of the challenges facing early, as well as contemporary, chemists is how to extract the pharmacologically active principle (such as an alkaloid) from a plant. This is desirable because it allows identification, assessment of pharmacological effects, constant dosage, and the opportunity to create liquid forms of the extract. For example, soaking plants in alcohol (ethanol) creates a tincture, which was, undoubtedly, one of the first organic extractions performed by man. 

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