Severe irritation

Swallowing acryhc monomers may produce severe irritation of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach, and cause discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and possible coUapse. 

The importance of hydrolysis potential, ie, whether moisture or water is present, is illustrated by the following example. In the normal dermal toxicity test, namely dry product on dry animal skin, sodium borohydride was found to be nontoxic under the classification of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act. Furthermore, it was not a skin sensitizer. But on moist skin, severe irritation and bums resulted. 

Iodine can affect the body if inhaled, if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin, or if it is swallowed. It may enter the body through the skin. Iodine vapor is a severe irritant of the eyes, respiratory tract, and to a lesser extent, to the skin. Swallowing iodine may cause burning in the mouth, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Short contact of iodine with the skin may produce a severe irritation of the skin and coloration similar to that obtained when tincture of iodine is appHed to a wound. Prolonged contact can be harmful and may cause bums. 

Undiluted DMAMP, AMP-95, and AB cause eye bums and permanent damage, if not washed out immediately. They are also severely irritating to the skin, causing bums by prolonged or repeated contact. Of these three aLkanolarnines, only AMP has been studied in subchronic and chronic oral studies. The principal effect noted was the action of AMP on the stomach as a result of its alkalinity. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) in a one-year feeding study in dogs was 110 ppm in the diet. In general, the low volatility and appHcations for which these products are used preclude the likelihood of exposure by inhalation. 

AEPD is severely irritating to the eyes and should be washed out immediately on contact it is only mildly irritating to the skin. 

Alkylamiaes are toxic. Both the Hquids and vapors can cause severe irritations to mucous membranes, eyes, and skin. Protective butyl mbber gloves, aprons, chemical face shields, and self-contained breathing apparatus should be used by aH personnel handling alkylamiaes. Amines are flammable and the lower mol wt alkylamiaes with high vapor pressures at ordiaary temperatures have low flash poiats. Amines should be handled ia weH-veatilated areas only after eliminating potential sources of ignition. 

Tertiary Amine Catalysts. The Hquid tertiary aHphatic amines used as catalysts in the manufacture of polyurethanes can cause contact dermatitis and severe damage to the eye. Inhalation can produce moderate to severe irritation of the upper respiratory tracts and the lungs. Ventilation, protective clothing, and safety glasses are mandatory when handling these chemicals. 

Repeated or prolonged contact with the skin, especially under clothing, may result in local irritation and inflammation, and at elevated temperatures such as in the presence of an open flame, chloroform decomposes to form by-products, including phosgene, chlorine, and hydrogen chloride, all of which are severe irritants to the respiratory tract. 

Dichloroethane is one of the more toxic chlorinated solvents by inhalation (49). The highest nontoxic vapor concentrations in chronic exposure studies with various animals range from 100 to 200 ppm (50,51). 1,2-Dichloroethane exhibits a low single-dose oral toxicity in rats LD q is 680 mg/kg (49). Repeated skin contact should be avoided since the solvent can cause defatting of the skin, severe irritation, and moderate edema. Eye contact may have slight to severe effects. 

Health Hazards. AHyl chloride is a toxic, highly flammable compound that is severely irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. AHyl chloride is considered to be moderately to highly toxic (LD q = 275-700 mg/kg body weight) via oral exposure. Amounts incidental to industrial handling are unlikely to cause injury. Large amounts, however, can cause injury, even death (24,50). 

AHyl chloride is toxic through Hquid contact with the skin and can cause severe irritation, resulting in deep-seated pain and delayed bums. Effects may be more severe in instances where Hquid is confined to the skin. The LD q for toxicity through skin absorption in rabbits is 400—2200 mg/kg body weight (24,50). Contact with the eyes can cause permanent eye injury, even blindness. 

Benzyl chloride is a severely irritating Hquid and causes damage to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract including pulmonary edema. Other possible effects of overexposure to benzyl chloride are CNS depression, Hver, and heart damage. Table 3 Hsts some exposure limits. 

Other toxicological effects that may be associated with exposure to benzyl chloride based on animal studies are skin sensitization and developmental embryo and/or fetal toxicity. A 1980 OSHA regulation has estabhshed a national occupational exposure limit for benzyl chloride of 5 mg/m (1 ppm). Concentrations of 160 mg/m (32 ppm) in air cause severe irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract (68). 

Contact or ingestion of cyanamide must be avoided, and precautions taken to prevent inhalation of dust or spray mist. In rat studies cyanamide-100 toxicity ranges from a single oral dose LD q of 280 mg/kg to a single dermal dose LD q of 590 (420—820) mg/kg. The compound is, therefore, considered to be moderately toxic both by ingestion in single doses and by single-skin appHcations. An aqueous paste of the product is corrosive to rabbit skin. Small quantities of the dry product produced severe irritation when introduced into the conjunctival sac of the rabbit eye. 

Swallowing ethylene oxide is a highly unlikely route of exposure. However, harmful effects, including coma, death, and severe irritation and ulceration of the mouth and throat, could occur. 

Noticeable irritation of eyes and nasal passages after few minutes exposure Severe irritation of the throat, nasal passages and upper respiratory tract Severe eye irritation... 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Self-contained breathing apparatus complete protective clothing safety glasses face shield Symptoms Following Exposure Inhalation causes severe irritation of upper respiratory system. Contact with liquid or vapor causes severe bums of eyes and can cause ulcers and blindness. Contact with skin causes severe burns. Ingestion causes severe burns of mucous membranes General Treatment for Exposure Get immediate... 

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