Official Methods

Official Methods of Analysis, 11th ed.. Association of Official Analytic Chemists, Washington, DC, 1970, p. 475. 

D. Firestone, ed.. Official Methods and Kecommended Practices of the Mmerican Oil Chemists Society, Champaign, lU., 1991, Method Cc9a-48. 

Official Methods ofMnaljsis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, Va., 1990. 

Another group of natural flavoring ingredients comprises those obtained by extraction from certain plant products such as vanilla beans, Hcotice root, St. John s bread, orange and lemon peel, coffee, tea, kola nuts, catechu, cherry, elm bark, cocoa nibs, and gentian root. These products are used in the form of alcohohc infusions or tinctures, as concentrations in alcohol, or alcohol—water extractions termed fluid or soHd extracts. Official methods for their preparation and specifications for all products used in pharmaceuticals are described (54,55). There are many flavor extracts for food use for which no official standards exist the properties of these are solely based on suitabiUty for commercial appHcations (56). 

W. Horwitz, ed.. Official Methods ofMnaljsis of the Association of Off dal Analytical Chemists, Washington, D.C., 1990. 

P. A. Cunniff, ed.. Official Methods of Analysis of AO AC International, 16th ed., Vols. I and II, AO AC International, Arlington, Va., 1995. Vol. I includes Pesticide Formulations and Pesticide Residues. Over 2100 coUabotatively tested, approved methods for chemical and microbiological analyses, with 149 new methods, 103 revised/updated methods, methods using anibody-based test kits, enzyme immunoassay, and annual supplements containing new and revised methods chemical and common names of all dmgs and pesticides easy-to-locate references. 

There are a variety of analytical methods commonly used for the characterization of neat soap and bar soaps. Many of these methods have been pubUshed as official methods by the American Oil Chemists Society (29). Additionally, many analysts choose United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), British Pharmacopoeia (BP), or Pood Chemical Codex (FCC) methods. These methods tend to be colorimetric, potentiometric, or titrametric procedures. However, a variety of instmmental techniques are also frequendy utilized, eg, gas chromatography, high performance Hquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. 

K. Helrich, ed.. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed., Vols. 1 and 2, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, Va., 1990. 

For most assays, the incorporated pantothenic acid has to be Hberated en2ymatically. Usually, a combination of pantotheinase and alkaline phosphatase is used to hberate the bound pantothenic acid. The official method for pantothenic acid of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) is the microbiological assay that uses U. Plantarium (A.TCC 8014) as the test organism (71). Samples are extracted at 121°C at pH 5.6—5.7, proteins are precipitated at pH 4.5, and the resulting clear extracts are adjusted to pH 6.8 prior to assay. This procedure is only suitable to determine calcium pantothenate or other free forms of pantothenic acid. 

The United States Pharmacopeia XXIII (USP XXIII-NF XVHI), The United States Pharmacopeia Convention, Inc., Rockville, Md., 1995, p. 1631. Pood and Nutrition Board, National Research Council, Food Chemicals Codex, 3rd ed.. National Academy Press, Washiagton, D.C., 1981, p. 330. K. Helrich, ed.. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Off dal Analytical Chemists, 15th ed.. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, Va., 1990, pp. 1070—1079. 

Analytical and Test Methods. Aqueous titration with 1 AiNaOH remains the official method for assaying citric acid (39,40). Although not citrate-specific, the procedure is satisfactory in the absence of interfering substances. Low concentrations of citric acid can be deterrnined by a... 

Official Methods of Analysis, J. Mssoc. Off. Mnal. Chem., (15) (1990). 

Dietary fiber is the accepted terminology ia the United States for nutritional labeling. Total dietary fiber (I DF) and its subfractions, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF), are defined analytically by official methods (3—5). 

AOMC Official Methods ofMnaljsis., 15th ed., 3rd supp., Washington, D.C., 1992, in press. 

AOAC. 1984. Organophosphoms pesticide residues sweep codistillation method Final action. AOAC Official methods of analysis. 10th ed. Washington, DC Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 

Procedures used in a laboratory must be recorded for easy reference, down to the smallest detail. An analytical laboratory will often use standard procedures from official publications, but to these must be added references to specific types of equipment used. As a result, a laboratory needs its own procedure manual to use in day-to-day work. Every operation should be described in detail, with references made to official methods where applicable. It takes thought and skill to write such a manual in a manner that will make is useful to all workers. Safety measures, where needed, must be included. Simple operations, such as the preparation of reagent solutions, should be specified. 

Horwitz, W. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 12th Edition AO AC Washington, D. C, 1975, pp 319-321. 

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