Tincture of iodine

Iodine as such finds few uses but a solution in alcohol and water, also containing potassium iodide ( tincture of iodine was commonly used as an antiseptic for cuts and wounds, but had rather an irritant action. Iodoform (triiodomethane), CHI3, is also an antiseptic, but newer compounds of iodine are now in use. Silver iodide, like silver bromide, is extensively used in the photographic industry. 

Iodine can affect the body if inhaled, if it comes in contact with the eyes or skin, or if it is swallowed. It may enter the body through the skin. Iodine vapor is a severe irritant of the eyes, respiratory tract, and to a lesser extent, to the skin. Swallowing iodine may cause burning in the mouth, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Short contact of iodine with the skin may produce a severe irritation of the skin and coloration similar to that obtained when tincture of iodine is appHed to a wound. Prolonged contact can be harmful and may cause bums. 

Medical Usage. Isopropyl alcohol is also used as an antiseptic and disinfectant for home, hospital, and industry (see Disinfectants and antiseptics). It is about twice as effective as ethyl alcohol in these appHcations (153,154). Rubbing alcohol, a popular 70 vol % isopropyl alcohol-in-water mixture, exemplifies the medicinal use of isopropyl alcohol. Other examples include 30 vol % isopropyl alcohol solutions for medicinal liniments, tinctures of green soap, scalp tonics, and tincture of mercurophen. It is contained in pharmaceuticals, eg, local anesthetics, tincture of iodine, and bathing solutions for surgical sutures and dressings. Over 200 uses of isopropyl alcohol have been tabulated (2). 

Disinfection destroys pathogenic organisms. This procedure can render an object safe for use. Disinfectants include solutions of hypochlorites, tinctures of iodine or iodophores, phenoHc derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide (see Disinfectants AND antiseptics). Effective use of disinfected materials must be judged by properly trained personnel. 

Tincture of iodine and aqueous iodine are not as popular as they used to be because they stain skin and clothes a brown color and also because of their toxicity. These problems have been considerably reduced, but not completely resolved, in the production of iodophors. 

If the necessary iodine input is insufficient the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to gamer more iodine addition of 0.01% Nal to table salt (iodized salt) prevents this condition. Tincture of iodine is a useful antiseptic. 

Jod-saure, /, iodic acid, -schwefel, m. sulfur iodide, -serum, n. iodized serum, -silber, n. silver iodide, -silizium, n. silicon iodide. -stSrke, /. starch iodide, iodized starch. -stSrkepapier, n. starch iodide paper, -stick-stoff, m. nitrogen iodide, -thymol, n.iPhaTm.) thymol iodide, -tinktur,/. tincture of iodine, -toluol, n. iodotoluene. -iibertrilger, m. iodine carrier. 

Of the four halogens, iodine is the weakest oxidizing agent. Tincture of iodine, a 10% solution of I2 in alcohol, is sometimes used as an antiseptic. Hospitals most often use a product called povidone-iodine, a quite powerful iodine-containing antiseptic and disinfectant, which can be diluted with water to the desired strength. These applications of molecular iodine should not delude you into thinking that the solid is harmless. On the contrary, if I2(s) is allowed to remain in contact with your skin, it can cause painful bums that are slow to heal. 

Chlorine and iodine have been used extensively since their introduction as disinfecting agents in the early 19th century. Preparations containing these halogens such as Dakin s solution and tincture of iodine were early inclusions in many pharmacopoeiae and national formularies. More recent formulations of these elemens have improved activity, stability and ease of use. 

Add 3 drops of tincture of iodine to each test tube. 

Worked Example 3.6. An old medicine bottle is discovered that once contained tincture of iodine. The bottle still contains a trace of solid iodine. Some of the solid is dissolved in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide of concentration 0.1 mol dm . The electrode potential of the I2,1 couple was determined at a platinum electrode immersed in the solution. If = —0.54 V and i,i for the resultant solution is —0.60 V, what is the concentration of the iodine Ignore the presence of the brown 13 ion. 

Iodine is the least reactive of the elements in the halogen group 17. Most people associate iodine with the dark-brown color of the tincture of iodine used as an antiseptic for minor skin abrasions and cuts. A tincture is a 50% solution of iodine in alcohol. Although it is still used, iodine is no longer the antibiotic of choice for small skin wounds. Since iodine is a poison that kills bacteria, iodine tablets are often used by campers and others to purify water that is taken from outdoor streams. 

Iodine is a poison, and as such, care must be taken when handling and using it. Even in less than pure form, it can damage the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Both the elemental form and its compounds (gases, liquids, or sohds) are toxic if inhaled or ingested. Even in diluted form (e.g., a tincture of iodine to treat minor skin wounds), it should be used with care. 

Iodine in a 1 20,000 solution is bactericidal in 1 minute and kills spores in 15 minutes. Tincture of iodine USP contains 2% iodine and 2.4% sodium iodide in alcohol. It is the most active antiseptic for intact skin. It is not commonly used because of serious hypersensitivity reactions that may occur and because of its staining of clothing and dressings. 

Iodophors are less irritating and less likely to produce skin hypersensitivity than tincture of iodine. They act as rapidly as chlorhexidine and have a broader spectrum of action, including sporicidal action, but they lack the persistent action of chlorhexidine. 

Iodine is used in various forms in medicine—e.g. tincture of iodine, liquor iodi, iodized cotton, iodized wine, iodized water, oils and syrups iodides of potassium, mercury, iron, arsenic, lead, etc. and as methyl iodide or di-iodide iodoform, CHI3 ethyl iodide, C2H5I iodole, C4I4.NH aristole etc.—largely for external application as an antiseptic. Some iodides are used in photography, and in analytical operations and a considerable amount of iodine is used in the preparation of aniline dyes. 

You are probably familiar with the 2% alcoholic solution of iodine known as tincture of iodine. It is found in almost every home medicine cabinet and is used as a disinfectant for wounds. Iodine has many other uses — in photography and in the preparation of various medicines and dyes. 

SOLUTION FOR TESTING STARCH CAN BE MADE BY DILUTING 5 ml REGULAR TINCTURE OF IODINE WITH 45 ml WATER. 

Dextrin and Starch.—The. tannin is well shaken with 80% alcohol, the liquid being filtered and the residue washed with alcohol of the same strength and then taken up in water. In the case of dextrin, this dissolves in the water and the solution is coloured red by tincture of iodine and has a marked dextro-rotation. If the residue is starch, this does not dissolve in the water, turns blue with iodine, and may be identified microscopically. 

Dextrin and Sugars. The ink is diluted somewhat with water and treated with basic lead acetate to eliminate any gum present. After filtration, the excess of lead is eliminated by means of hydrogen sulphide and a large amount of alcohol then added any dextrin is precipitated in whitish flocks, which arc allowed to settle ami then dissolved in water. This solution should give a marked dextro-rotation and should Ix-comr reddish when treated with tincture of iodine. 

Starch may be detected by heating the substance with water, filtering, and testing the cooled liquid with tincture of iodine. 

Tincture of iodine (aqueous iodine oral solution, Lugol s solution) is a solution of iodine 5 % plus potassium iodide 10% in water, which is used to reduce the vascularity of the thyroid gland in thyrotoxicosis before surgery. 

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