Hemp Indian

Cannabis Indicae, Br,. Hemp, Indian Hemp, Gunza Ganjah, Herba Cannabis Indicae Chanvre, Chanvre de I Inde, Fr. Indischer Hanf, G. Cahamo, Sp. Marihuana, Mez. 

Hemp (Indian) Jimson Weed Mandrake Morning Glory Seed Mushroom ... 

Apocynum cannabinum, Canadian hemp American Indian hemp black Indian hemp Indian physic Indian dogbane. Dried rhizome and roots of Apocynum cannabinum L., Apocynaceae. Habit. U.S. Constit. Cynotoxin. apocyncein, apocynin, cymarin, resin, tannin, bitter extractive, starch. 

Indisch-gelb, n. Indian yellow, -hanftinktur,/. tincture of Indian hemp, -rot, n. Indian red. 

O Shaughnessy, W. B. On the preparations of the Indian Hemp, or Gunjah (cannabis indica) their effects on the animal system in health, and their utility in the treatment of tetanus and other convulsive diseases. Provincial Medical Journal and Retrospect on the Medical Sciences, London, 1843 5 343-398. 

This finding was predated by the three-volume report of the Indian Hemp Commission from 1898, when Queen Victoria s government concluded that the smoking of cannabis, or hemp, did not impair the work rates of farm labourers in the Indian subcontinent. However, it should be emphasised that these reports were concerned with old-fashioned natural cannabis, whose THC content was around 1-2% this was the type used by hippies in the 1960s. But, during the 1970s selective plant breeding and hydroponic plant cultures led to increased THC values of around... 

Indian Hemp Commission (1898). Report to the British House of Commons. 

In the Indian scripture of the Atharva Veda, the fourth book of the Vedas, the ancient scriptures of the Brahman religion (ca 2,000—1,400 B.C.), bhang (hemp) was identified as one of five sacred plants of India. 

The Aryans who settled in Persia came from the same area in central Russia as their relatives who invaded India, hence it is hardly surprising that the Persian word bhanga is almost identical to the Indian term bhang. Zarathushtra (Zoroaster), the Persian prophet (around 1200 BC), who is said to have written the Zend-Avesta, was a user of bhanga (hemp). ... 

CBN) from the exuded resin of Indian hemp ( charas ), which analyzed for C2iH2602- Another, big step was made by Cahn, who advanced the elucidation of the structure of CBN (Cahn, 1932). Several years later, Todd s group and Adam s group elucidated the correct structure of CBN by synthesizing and comparing various possible structures. ... 

Chanvre de I Inde France Indian hemp United Kingdom... 

CS214 Khan, N. A. and S. S. Hasan. Effect of cannabis hemp (hashish) on normal and rats subjected to psychological stress. Proc Indian Acad Sci Anim Sci 1984 93(2) 121-129. 

Widely used in India and the Middle East, marijuana was viewed as an innocuous social drug by many British and other foreign observers. In 1894, the Indian Hemp Commission issued a voluminous report that concluded ... 

A voluminous report from the Indian Hemp Commission concludes that hemp (marijuana), when used moderately, does not lead to excess and causes no more injury than moderate use of alcohol. 

Charring is known to preserve aspects of the physical structure of wood, seeds, and fruit (42). Srinivasan and Jakes (43) have shown that in charring some aspects of the physical shape of Indian hemp fiber are retained. In the carbonization of wood, Ercin et al (44) report the loss of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin infrared absorbance bands in the range of 1300-1000 cm-1 and the appearance of two new bands at 1250 cm 1 attributed to the asymmetric C-O-C and at 1450 cm-1 attributed to aliphatic C-H bending. 

Bedstraw dyed common milkweed Indian hemp, charred 10,20 and 30 minutes Indian hemp fiber mineralized for 6 mos. Etowah Mound C 840, partially mineralized bast... 

Indian hemp Small if any, softwood type None observed Small if any... 

Figure 2. Infrared spectrum of basswood compared to that of Indian hemp. Marked peaks are those...

As Indian hemp was charred for increasing periods of time, some loss of chemical structure was incurred (Figure 7). The sample charred for 30 minutes is white and fragile, while the 10 and 20 minute samples are still black and fibrous and appear more like the charred fibers observed in the archaeological textiles. It is obvious that the composition has been altered by exposure to heat. The cellulose is dehydrated with the 2900 cm-1 band reduced in each of the levels of charring. The 10 and 20 minute samples are similar to each other, but somewhat different from the uncharred Indian hemp. The 1630 cm-1 band in the uncharred fiber is shifted to 1582 cm-1 due to dehydration. The new bands in the region of 1450 cm-1 and 1200 cm-1 in the 30 minute sample are comparable to those noted by Ercin and Yurum (44). 

The comparison between charred and uncharred Indian hemp fibers is more readily apparent in Figure 8, which compares only the 10-minute charred sample and uncharred Indian hemp. It can be seen that some features are lost but some sense that the material is cellulosic can still be observed. 

Figure 7. Infrared spectra of Indian hemp charred 10, 20 and 30 minutes compared to uncharred Indian hemp.

Seip 36 is a charred material with a red cast (9) it also has a high iron content. The infrared spectrum of the particulate recovered from Seip 36 (Figure 12) looks like charred cellulose and shows no charred protein. The spectrum is not the same as charred milkweed but it appears more similar to charred Indian hemp (Figure 13), with bands near 1582 cm-1 and 1400 cm 1. 

As the Indian hemp fibers were mineralized in the laboratory, not only did they become encrusted with a green-colored deposit, but their interiors were replaced with copper compounds as well. This is supported by the change in the infrared spectra (45). As the fibers became increasingly mineralized, the infrared absorbance peaks became sharper, and the 817 cm 1, 881 cm 1 and 1045 cm 1 and 1384 cm 1 peaks increased in relative size. 

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