Root tinctures

The herb is used in treating rheumatism (Launert, 1981). Infusions from the seeds are used for rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The essential oil is used in warm water to soak painful, gouty areas of the feet. Root tinctures and also fresh juice from the whole plant are also used in arthritic remedies (http //www. innvista.com/health/herbs/celery.htm). 

The diuretic property of celery has been used to prepare herbal medicine (Houghton, 1995). The ripe seeds, herb and root are diuretic (Lust, 1983 Chiej, 1984 Grieve, 1984). The seeds are used mainly as a diuretic and can help clear toxins from the system, especially in cases of gout where uric acid crystals collect in the joints. Root tinctures have been used to cure urinary disorders, such as urinary stones, and used as a kidney stimulant and cleanser. Fresh juice from the whole plant is also used as a cure for urinary tract inflammations and urethritis (http //www.innvista.com/health/herbs/ celery.htm). The herb is used against kidney complaints (Launert, 1981). 

Tincture Combination for Diarrhea 1 ounce (30 ml) goldenseal root tincture 1 ounce (30 ml) acacia tincture 1 ounce (30 ml) cryptolepsis tincture 1/3 ounce (10 ml) grapefruit seed extract Combine tinctures, shake well. 

Traditional use Root decoctions and root tinctures, sometimes mixed with tinctures of iodine and St. John s wort (Hypericum), are used to treat scabies in humans (Ogolevitz 1951). A decoction of the roots is used to disinfect the mouth and to kill ticks, fleas, and bed bugs on farm animals. The roots are put on hot ashes and after 2-3 h are then put on surface wounds. The above and underground parts are used in a bath to treat skin diseases (scabies, fungal, etc.). A decoction of the aboveground parts is used as a mouth wash to treat toothaches (Khodzhimatov 1989). 

Widely used in the 19th century, especially by eclectic practitioners root tincture used for fevers, inflammations of the spinal column, and neuralgia believed to diminish blood to the cerebrospinal centers, reducing spasmodic action. ... 

Another group of natural flavoring ingredients comprises those obtained by extraction from certain plant products such as vanilla beans, Hcotice root, St. John s bread, orange and lemon peel, coffee, tea, kola nuts, catechu, cherry, elm bark, cocoa nibs, and gentian root. These products are used in the form of alcohohc infusions or tinctures, as concentrations in alcohol, or alcohol—water extractions termed fluid or soHd extracts. Official methods for their preparation and specifications for all products used in pharmaceuticals are described (54,55). There are many flavor extracts for food use for which no official standards exist the properties of these are solely based on suitabiUty for commercial appHcations (56). 

Concretes. Concretes are produced by extraction of flowers, leaves, or roots, usually with hydrocarbon solvents. After removal of the solvent by distillation, the concrete is obtained as a thick, waxy residue. Such materials are used in some fine fragrances, but the waxes they contain can give rise to solubihty problems. Eor this reason, concretes are often dissolved in alcohol to make tinctures, or in other low odor diluents. Production of concretes, especially flower concretes, usually takes place where the botanicals are grown since the odors of such materials deteriorate rapidly after harvesting. 

Back cohosh, a herb reported to be beneficial in managing symptoms of menopause, is generally regarded as safe when used as directed. Back cohosh is a member of the buttercup flower family. The dosage of standardized extract is 2 tablets twice a day, or 40 dropsof standardized tincture twice a day or one 500- to 600-mg tablet or capsule three times daily. Back cohosh tea is not considered as effective as other forms Boiling of the root releases only a portion of the therapeutic constituents... 

Preparation of Inulin. Comminute the tubers or roots in a food chopper or similar appliance and express the juice with a tincture press, using, if necessary, a small portion of water to complete the extraction. Heat the juice to 60-70° and add milk of lime to about pH 8. Filter and adjust the pH to 7 with oxalic acid. Heat to 70-80°, add activated carbon and filter. Allow the filtrate to stand quiescent overnight, during which time the inulin separates in the form of small spheroids. The yield may be increased by freezing the solution and allowing it to thaw at a low temperature. Filter and wash the inulin with abundant quantities of cold water. 

Podophyllum resin, an alcoholic extract of Podophyllum peltatum, commonly known as mandrake root or May apple, is used in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum and other verrucae. It is a mixture of podophyllotoxin, and peltatin, desoxypodophyllotoxin, dehydropodophyllotoxin, and other compounds. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and compound tincture of benzoin. 

Vitivert, or Kus-hus.—The fleshy part of a specter of dry grass from India, It has an aromatic odor, and is used in the same manner as orris root. The tincture or extract of vitivert is made by digesting one pound of the dried root in a quart of alcohol for two weeks, and filtering. This tincture was formerly much used In bouquet combinations, and was an important ingredient in the once celebrated preparations of that kind called mousselaine des Indes, bouquet du rot, et cetera. By distillation, it yields about one per cent, of volatile oil called otto of vitivert, and resembling, according to Piesse, the otto of santal. 

Tincture of turmeric is prepared by macerating 1 part of powdered turmeric root with 10 parts of 60% alcohol for some days and filtering the alcoholic extract. It is best to follow the procedure indicated in the chapter on flesh foods (p. S, note). 

Subterranean parts, powder, extract, and tincture are permitted as traditional tranquilizers The Health Protection Branch of Health Canada allows products containing valerian as a single medicinal ingredient in the form of crude dried root in tablets, capsules, powders, extracts, tinctures, drops, or tea bags intended to be used as sleeping aids/sedatives... 

Note Valerian consists of the dried rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis Linne (Fam. Valerianaceae). It has been employed as an antianxiety agent and sleep aid for more than 1000 years. The drug contains from 0.3 to 0.7% of an unpleasant-smelling volatile oil containing bornyl acetate and the sesquiterpenoids, valerenic acid, and acetoxyvalerenolic acid. Also present is a mixture of lipophilic iridoid principles known as valepotriates. These bicyclic monoterpenoids are quite unstable and occur only in the fresh plant or in material dried at temperatures under 40°C. Although the specific active principals of valerian have not been determined, it is possible that a combination of the sesquiterpenoids and the valepotriates may be involved. The drug may be administered as a tea prepared from 2 to 3 g of the dried herb or equivalent amounts of a tincture or extract may be employed. 

Ephedra is available in multiple forms. It is a common ingredient in energy boosting bars, sold as Herbal Ecstasy in some health food stores, and is also available as powder that can be mixed with water. Health food stores may sell powdered ephedrine stems, which can be used in a tea, or they may sell infusion, extracts, tinctures, or tablets of ephedra. Health food stores may also sell ephedra as the ma huang herb. Many manufacturers tend to advertise or market ephedra supplements as natural or as a botanical herb, because some consumers equate natural with safe. In China, ephedra may be boiled with cinnamon twig, licorice root, and almond to treat the common cold. 

Dried Echinacea pallida root extract (1 5 tincture, 50% ethanol) is given at a dosage of 900 mg/d. E purpurea freshly pressed juice is given at a dosage of 6-9 mL/d in divided doses two to five times daily. Echinacea is generally taken at the first sign of a cold. 

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