Sorbitol

D-Sorbitol is perhaps the most abundantly used of the hexahydric alcohols. The cost of sorbitol obtained from natural sources limited considerably its early metabolic studies in this country. However, European investigators have carried on rather extensive clinical studies with sorbitol during the last fifteen years. European methods of producing sorbitol in commercial quantities seem to antedate ours by several years. Sorbitol was introduced into therapeutics in Europe under the name of Sionin by Thannhauser and Meyer in 1929.  

Since 1929, various workers have investigated the value of sorbitol as a substitute carbohydrate in diabetes with findings which were polemic. Typical examples of the results of various European clinicians are cited as follows. Reinwein administered sorbitol to diabetics and observed an increase in the respiratory quotient without a concomitant hyperglycemia. Contrariwise, Roche and Raybaud observed no increase in the respiratory quotient under the same experimental conditions and Donhoffer and Donhoffer observed a rise in blood sugar upon the administration of sorbitol to diabetics. Kaufmann reported that sorbitol 

The distinguished European clinician, von Noorden recommended the use of sorbitol in the diets of mild and moderately severe diabetics. Furthermore, Bertrand and coworkers observed that sorbitol was efficiently utilized in diabetics with and without insulin in their respective regimens. 

The English workers, Payne and coworkers, contrary to the findings of the continental investigators, reported that sorbitol was not directly metabolized, and they recommended it as an inert condiment in the diabetic diet. One of the first accounts of the metabolism of sorbitol in America was written by Silver and Reiner. These workers found that the ingestion of the hexahydric alcohol produced h3 perglycemia in a diabetic patient. 

Although certain investigators have claimed that sorbitol failed to serve as a precursor of glycogen in the liver of the white rat, the preponderance of evidence points to the contrary. Carr and Forman, and Johnston and Deuel have set forth convincing evidence to show that sorbitol is readily converted into glycogen in the liver of the rat and that in this capacity its efficiency is approximately three times greater than mannitol. 

Supported gold nanoparticles have been used in sorbitol oxidation and compared with analogous Pd and Pt catalysts [41]. The catalytic data for the monometallic catalysts are reported in Table 13.8. Using carbon as a support, the reaction took 

Using bimetallic Au+Pd and Au+Pt catalysts, increased achvity was observed which allowed full conversion to be reached, whereas selectivity to monocarboxyl-ates at a given conversion was superior to the monometallic gold catalyst and almost independent of the nature of the second metal. 

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Sorbitol is manufactured by the reduction of glucose in aqueous solution using hydrogen with a nickel catalyst. It is used in the manufacture of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), various surface active agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, dentifrices, adhesives, polyurethane foams, etc. 

Sorbitol is a sweetener often substituted for cane sugar because it is better tolerated by dia betics It IS also an intermediate in the commercial synthesis of vitamin C Sorbitol is prepared by high pressure hydrogenation of glucose over a nickel catalyst What is the structure (including stereochemistry) of sorbitoP... 

Another name for glucitol obtained by reduction of d glucose is sorbitol it is used as a sweetener especially in special diets required to be low in sugar Reduction of D fructose yields a mixture of glucitol and mannitol corresponding to the two possi ble configurations at the newly generated chirality center at C 2... 

Sorhita.n nd Sorbitol Esters. This group of emulsifiers is formed from the reaction of sorbitan and stearic acid. Sorbitan monostearate is often used in combination with polysorbate in ice cream, imitation dairy products, and baking appHcations (36). 

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