Sorbitol glycols

Humectants. In certain foods, it is necessary to control the amount of water that enters or exits the product. It is for this purpose that humectants are employed. Polyhydric alcohols (polyols), which include propylene glycol [57-55-6], C2Hg02, glycerol [56-81-5], C HgO, sorbitol [50-70-4], and mannitol [69-65-8], contain numerous hydroxyl groups (see Alcohols,polyhydric). Their stmcture makes them hydrophilic and... 

Solvents. The most widely used solvent is deionized water primarily because it is cheap and readily available. Other solvents include ethanol, propjdene glycol or butylene glycol, sorbitol, and ethoxylated nonionic surfactants. There is a trend in styling products toward alcohol-free formulas. This may have consumer appeal, but limits the formulator to using water-soluble polymers, and requires additional solvents to solubilize the fragrance and higher levels of preservatives. 

Humectants such as propylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, or calcium chloride can prevent drying and caking. 

Polyalcohols, such as glycerol, sugar, sorbitol, and propylene glycol may prevent denaturation (28). Also substrates or substrate analogues often stabilize by conferring an increased rigidity to the enzyme stmcture. 

Surface-Active Agents. Polyol (eg, glycerol, sorbitol, sucrose, and propylene glycol) or poly(ethylene oxide) esters of long-chain fatty acids are nonionic surfactants (qv) used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, cleaning compounds, and many other appHcations (103,104). Those that are most widely used are included in Table 3. 

Nonionic Surface-Active Agents. Approximately 14% of the ethyleae oxide consumed ia the United States is used in the manufacture of nonionic surfactants. These are derived by addition of ethylene oxide to fatty alcohols, alkylphenols (qv), tall oil, alkyl mercaptans, and various polyols such as poly(propylene glycol), sorbitol, mannitol, and cellulose. They are used in household detergent formulations, industrial surfactant appHcations, in emulsion polymeri2ation, textiles, paper manufacturing and recycling, and for many other appHcations (281). 

Sodium PCA is hygroscopic, attracting moisture from the air. It is used as a humectant (moisturizer) for hair- and skin-care products. It is a stronger hydrating agent than the traditional compounds used for this purpose, such as glycerin, propylene glycol, or sorbitol. 

Sorbitan esters of fatty acids are well known. Similar products can be made from ether carboxylic acids and sorbitol without an acid catalyst with a good color [39]. The advantage of these products is that the hydrophilicity can be adjusted by the polyethylene glycol content in the ether carboxylic acid. 

Boron zirconimn chelates from ammonium hydroxide water-soluble amines sodium or potassimn zirconium and organic acid salts such as lactates, citrates, tartrates, glycolates, malates, gluconates, glycerates, and mandelates with polyols such as glycerol, erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, dulcitol, mannitol, inositol, monosaccharides, and disaccharides [463,464,1592,1593]... 

Instead of phthalic anhydride, isophthalic acid can be used as is done in USA. Its use is in increasing. Polyhydric alcohols like pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane and sorbitol are also used. Some-times small quantities of diols like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are used to reduce cross-linking. 

Hull cell PHYS CHEM An electrodeposition cell that operates within a simultaneous range of known current densities. hoi, sel humectant chem A substance which absorbs or retains moisture examples are glycerol, propylene glycol, and sorbitol used in preparing confectioneries and dried fruit. hyu mek-tont ... 

With D-sorbitol, d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1,000 succinate (TPGS), propylene glycol 19 mg. 

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