Sweetening agents sorbitol

In addition to sucrose, a number of other sweetening agents have been utilized in foods and pharmaceuficals over the years, including dextrose, mannitol, sorbitol, aspartame, saccharin, and others. Some sweeteners, such as sucrose, aid in preserving the product. 

Sorbitol is a hexahydric alcohol that is isomeric with mannitol, and which has been described as a humectant, plasticizer, sweetening agent, and tablet and capsule diluent. It is used extensively in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries, since it has a sweet taste and approximately 50-60% the sweetness of sucrose. 

Artificial sweeteners such as sorbitol saccharin is used as synthetic sweetening agent which is more palatable having no food value and can be used by diabetic patients. 

Hazemoto et al (1+0) developed an ion-selective electrode sensitive to saccharin, by establishing an ion association between Fe2+-bathophenanthroline chelate and saccharin in nitrobenzene. The electrode developed could measure saccharin ion in presence of other sweetening agents e.g., sucrose, glucose, sodium cyclamate and sorbitol in the concentration range of 10 - - to 10 M. 

Sucrose and other natural sweeteners, such as sorbitol, can be used in effervescent products, although artificial sweetening agents are customary. However, the application of artificial sweeteners is restricted by health regulations. Therefore, the use of such sweeteners will vary from one country to the next based on national standards. 

Sorbitol, a polyhydric alcohol, is used as a sweetening agent in many oral medicinal liquids. In addition to enhancing the palatability of these liquids, it improves solution stability and reduces crystallization of syrup... 

Maltitol solution is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations as a bulk sweetening agent, either alone or in combination with other excipients, such as sorbitol. Maltitol solution is also used as a suspending agent in oral suspensions as an alternative to sucrose syrup since it is viscous, noncariogenic, and has a low calorific value. It is also noncrystallizing and therefore prevents cap-locking in syrups and elixirs. 

Paracelsus made the general introduction of several heavy metals into medicine in the 16th century and nowadays the particular use of bismuth compounds is focused upon the treatment of disorders of the alimentary system (14 such drugs are commonly prescribed in Britain). Several of these medicines are based upon a red viscous colloidal bismuth citrate solution containing ammonium hydroxide plus a colourant, a sweetening agent and emollients such as sorbitol or glycerine at pH = 10. 

D-mannitol is widely used as sweetening agent and finds also different application in the food industry and related areas [1]. D-mannitol can be directly prepared from mannose or by stereoselective hydrogenation of D-fructose. However, the hydrogenation of D-fructose in aqueous solution over different heterogeneous catalysts leads to the formation of two isomers, i.e. D-mannitol and D-sorbitol, near to a ratio of one to one [1]. 

ELIXIRS. Clear, sweetened, hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use. They contain flavoring substances and, in the case of medicated elixirs, active medicinal agents. Their primary solvents are alcohol and water, with glycerin, sorbitol, and syrup sometimes used as additional solvents and/or sweetening agents. They are prepared by simple solution or admixture of the several ingredients... 

A similar family tree could be constructed for the less common ketose sugars, but only fructose, 16.43 vide supra), and sorbose are commonly encountered. Fructose is the sweetest of all the naturally occurring monosaccharides, and hence, high-fructose corn syrup, a mixture of fructose and glucose, is widely used as a sweetening agent for food. Concerns have been raised as it is linked to obesity and diabetes. The natural isomer of sorbose, unusually, is the L-isomer, 16.55 it can be isolated from mountain ash berries or prepared by oxidation of sorbitol, 16.56, and it is used in the commercial synthesis of vitamin C. 

The sugar alcohols D-xylitol and D-sorbitol as industrial bulk chemicals are mostly used as food ingredients due to their excellent sweetening properties and clear taste profile. D-Gluconic acid as an important industrial bulk chemical is widely used in textile industries as a chelating agent and as a catalyst for textile printing. 

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