Sorbitol 6-methyl

Flexible foams are based on polyoxypropylenediols of 2000 molecular weight and triols up to 4000 molecular weight. Rigid foams are based on polyethers made from sorbitol, methyl glucoside, or sucrose. 

Sorbitol is the most important higher polyol used in direct esterification of fatty acids. Esters of sorbitans and sorbitans modified with ethylene oxide are extensively used as surface-active agents. Interesteritication of fatty acid methyl esters with sucrose yields biodegradable detergents, and with starch yields thermoplastic polymers (36). 

The complex thioamide lolrestat (8) is an inhibitor of aldose reductase. This enzyme catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. The enzyme is not very active, but in diabetic individuals where blood glucose levels can. spike to quite high levels in tissues where insulin is not required for glucose uptake (nerve, kidney, retina and lens) sorbitol is formed by the action of aldose reductase and contributes to diabetic complications very prominent among which are eye problems (diabetic retinopathy). Tolrestat is intended for oral administration to prevent this. One of its syntheses proceeds by conversion of 6-methoxy-5-(trifluoroniethyl)naphthalene-l-carboxyl-ic acid (6) to its acid chloride followed by carboxamide formation (7) with methyl N-methyl sarcosinate. Reaction of amide 7 with phosphorous pentasulfide produces the methyl ester thioamide which, on treatment with KOH, hydrolyzes to tolrestat (8) 2[. 

Anhydro-d-Sorbitol (3,4,5,1-Tetraoxy-l-methyl-pyrantetrahydride, Polygalitol or Poly-... 

It should be mentioned that the Food Additives Analytical Manual (FAAM) [75] provides analysts with FDA evaluated methodology (partly subjected to collaborative study) needed to determine compliance with food additive regulations, including procedures for indirect food additives, such as butylated hydroxy-anisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), t-butylhydroxyquinone (TBHQ), dilaurylthiopropionate (DLTDP), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), sodium benzoate, sorbitol, and others. 

C12 to C20, primarily Ci6 to ( is), used as surface lubricants in the manufacture of food-contact articles. The method, which uses ethyl palmitate (Eastman Chemicals No. 1575 Red Label) as an internal standard, has been validated at 200 ppm total FAME [185]. Other FAME standards (methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) are available (Applied Science Laboratories) [116], Worked out examples of additive determinations are given in the Food Additives Analytical Manual [116], which also describes a great many of indirect food additives, such as BHA, BHT, TBHQ, l-chloro-2-propanol, DLTDP, fatty acid methyl esters, w-heptyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl-gallate, sodium benzoate, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, sorbitol and phenolic antioxidants. EPA methods 606 and 8060 describe the CGC separation of phthalate esters (direct injection) (cf. Figure 4.2). 

Bacterial oxidation of ribitol (adonitol XXX) affords L-adonose or L-erythropentulose (XXXI) (c/. the bacterial oxidation of sorbitol to L-sorbose). By the agency of methyl alcoholic hydrogen chloride, XXXI yields methyl L-adonoside (XXXII) and condensation of the... 

The same anhydride of mannitol has been obtained recently by the deamination of 1-amino-l-desoxy-D-mannitol.8 It is interesting to note that this method of formation of anhydro rings is of fairly general application. Thus 1,4-anhydro-D-sorbitol is obtained from 1-amino-l-desoxy-D-sorbitol. Similarly, methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-benzylidene-a-D-manno-pyranoside and methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-benzylidene-a-D-allopyranoside9... 

The 5,6-anhydro derivatives of D-sorbitol and D-mannitol41 69 behave in like manner to the 5,6-anhydro-l,2-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose of Freudenberg and coworkers.70 Thus, 5,6-anhydro-l,3 2,4-diethyli-dene-D-sorbitol (LXXXV) readily suffers ring scission with ammonia to give 6-amino 6-desoxy-l,3 2,4-diethylidene-D-sorbitol (LXXXVI)69 or with sodium methoxide to form 6-methyl-l,3 2,4-diethylidene-D-sorbitol.42 l,2 3,4-Diisopropylidene-5,6-anhydro-D-mannitol gives rise... 

The third group is that of compounds which may potentially be transported by the PTS and inhibit cAMP production. Cellulase synthesis is initiated after these compounds are consumed for cell growth. This group includes D-glucose, D-fructose, maltose, mannitol, glycerol, sorbitol, and -methyl glucoside. The presence of these compounds in Solka Floe fermentations, enhanced enzyme yields (132 to 254%) but the time required to complete cellulase synthesis took longer (106 to 148%) than the control. 

The methyl and ethyl ethers of the dianhydrides have properties which may make them useful as plasticizers. 2,5-Diallyl-dianhydro-sorbitol (XVII) and 2,5-diallyl-dianhydro-mannitol (XVIII) and the corresponding methallyl derivatives polymerize to resinous materials on being heated in oxygen.The allyl derivatives polymerize about five times as fast as the methallyl derivatives, to give products somewhat similar to that obtained by Nichols and Yanovsky by the polymerization of methyl tetraallyl-a-n-glucoside. 

Sorbitol hexanitrate Monomethyl cyclohexanepentanitrate l-Methyl-3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole N-Methyl gluconamide pentanitrate... 

Hexylene Glycol Methanoi Methyl Alcohol Methylamyl Alcohol Methylisobutyl Carbinol Octyl Alcohol Nonyl Alcohol Pentadecanol Propyl Alcohol Propylene Glycol Sorbitol... 

Parabens are approved for use in oral solution and suspensions at a concentration of 0.015% to 0.2% w/v. Due to their low solubility, the sodium salts of parabens are often used in aqueous formulations. The parabens are most effective in the pH range of 2 to 6, and their antimicrobial activity decreases with increasing pH. Additionally, they are very unstable at pH 8 or above in solution. Methyl paraben has also demonstrated incompatibility with sorbitol and may show some discoloration in the presence of iron. The absorption of methylparaben by plastics has been reported with the amount absorbed being dependent upon the type of plastic and vehicle. However, no absorption has been reported for low density polyethylene (LDPE) or high density polyethylene (HDPE) containers. Certain coloring agents such as yellow iron oxide, ultramarine blue, and aluminum silicate can extensively absorb ethyl paraben in simple aqueous systems, thus reducing its preservative efficacy. 

Blood Pressure Lowering. The hypertensive effect of several expl compds has been reported by Salle (Refs 1,2, 3). Dinitroglycerol, NGc, bis(hydroxy-methyl)nitroethane dinitrate, dimethylol nitroethane dinitrate, bis(hydroxymethyl)nirropropane dinitrate dimethylol nitropropane dinitrate were studied. These compds were found to be vasodilators, less active than NG but excercising a more lasting effect(Ref 3). Nitrated sorbitol has a vasodilator effect similar to hexanitromannitol(HNMnt) but is si more toxic than HNMnt(Ref 2)... 

FIGURE 13.18 (a) Cloud point of L-64 in the presence of additives )(Ethylene glycol, P) diethylene glycol, (O) PEG-400, (A) PEG-6000, (b) Cloud point of L-64 in the presence of monoalkylethers of ethylene glycol ( ) methyl, (O) ethyl, (A) butyl, p) sorbitol. (Reproduced from Pandya, K., et al. 19SB/I.S. Pure Appl. Chem. A50 1-18. With permission from Taylor and Francis.)... 

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