Sorbitol-glycerol

Recombinant bovine somatotropin, lysozyme Both the excipient type (sucrose, sorbitol, glycerol) and moisture content affected protein degradation [30]... 

For liquid formulations, stabiUzers such as sorbitol, glycerol, or propylene glycol are added to levels of 10% to 50% (w/w) to maintain the activity of the enzyme for up to several months at ambient conditions. Preservatives such as sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium chloride are used to control microbial contamination. Buffers and surfactants such as Triton X-100 can also be added, although at lower levels than found in granulated cellulase enzymes due to the limits of tolerance of the proteins for these additives in Hquid solutions. 

Glass-transition curve of three model system formulations ( control, O sorbitol, glycerol) expressed vs. (a) water activity or (b) moisture content. Lines indicate the predicted values according to the Gordon-Taylor model (Sherwin and Labuza, 2003). 

As mentioned previously, sorbitol is not used alone as starter, it is generally used in a mixture with a second polyol, such as, sorbitol - glycerol, sorbitol - dipropyleneglycol, sorbitol - water [19], or sorbitol - diethyleneglycol. 

The polyether polyols for rigid PU foams based on polyols which are liquid under the conditions of alkylene oxides polymerisation are glycerol and TMP polyether triols, of various molecular weights, sorbitol-based polyols (based on a mixture of sorbitol - glycerol, sorbitol - dipropyleneglycol, sorbitol - dithylene glycol) and xylitol-based polyether pentaols. 

In Table 13.4 the characteristics of some rigid polyether polyols based on a sorbitol -glycerol mixture are presented. The initial starter mixture is solution of sorbitol (70%) and glycerol. After water vacuum distillation, the mixture of sorbitol - glycerol containing 0.1-0.5% water, is propoxylated in the presence of a KOH catalyst, followed by the usual purification. These polyether polyols are transparent viscous liquids, which are colourless or slightly yellow polyols ... 

Table 13.4 The characteristics of some sorbitol-glycerol based rigid polyether polyols for rigid PU foams ...

Trehalose, sucrose, maltose, fructose, raffinose, lactose, glucose Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 188, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 20, octoxynol-9, polyoxyethylene-(23) lauryl alcohol, polyxyethylene-(20) oleyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulphate Sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate, sodium succinate, sodium proprionate, potassium phosphate Cyclodextrins, mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol, xylitol, inositol Ascorbic acid, glutathione... 

All starch-based plastics on the market contain polyols such as sorbitol, glycerol or mixtures thereof ensuring flexibility and mechanical properties stability of the finished product. 

Keywords Nanocatalysis, hpase, peroxidase, ( -galactosidase, cellulose, glucose, sorbitol, glycerol, levulinic acid, succinic acid, gamma-valerolactone (GVL), methyl-tetrahydrofurane (Me-THF)... 

They include polyols (mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol or pentaerythritol), hindered phenol antioxidants, the dihydropyridines, epoxidised soya bean oil, certain other epoxy compounds such as isooctyl epoxystearate, the alkyl phosphites (triphenyl phosphite, trisnonylphenyl phosphite, tristearyl phosphite or a diphosphite), 1,3-diketones, and the ketocarboxylates. 

Polyglycidyl ethers of sorbitol, glycerol, and pentaerythritol are used as adhesion promoters for polyester tire cords. Their high chloride content improves adhesion to rubber. 

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